Spatially Explicit Estimates of In Situ Filtration by Native Oysters to Augment Ecosystem Services during Restoration
Spatially Explicit Estimates of In Situ Filtration by Native Oysters to Augment Ecosystem Services during Restoration
复制标题
本地牡蛎原位过滤在恢复期间增强生态系统服务的空间明确估计
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
J. Lerczak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Gray;P. Ermgassen;J. Gair;C. Langdon;E. Lemagie;J. Lerczak
在19世纪末和20世纪初，美国西海岸本土奥林匹亚牡蛎Ostrea lurida的数量急剧下降，并且经常被水产养殖业的非本土太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）所取代。牡蛎生态系统服务功能的恢复（过滤功能）是牡蛎种群恢复的重要动力。尽管过滤活动对悬浮颗粒物浓度的潜在影响存在不确定性，但美国西海岸的lurida仍在沿着。在这里，我们提供了一个改进的FS模型O。lurida和C. Gigas在Yaquina湾，OR，这是基于原位喂养行为和河口复杂的水动力学。研究了亚基纳湾牡蛎恢复的总面积和位置顺序，以确定如何在有限的资源下最大限度地利用牡蛎FS。这些建模工作量化了估计，表明（1）如果亚基纳湾的本土牡蛎恢复到历史水平，可能会比之前估计的FS高出近一个数量级;（2）C。Gigas对FS的贡献显著大于O.（3）这两个物种提供的FS高度依赖于季节性河流强迫和盐度;（4）FS的空间变化来自系统的水动力学、不均匀的牡蛎分布和上游预过滤。我们发现，空间上明确的模型表明，优先恢复具有最大FS潜力的地区，而不是将牡蛎随机放置在历史栖息地的好处。直接恢复以这种方式使用75%（旱季）和60%（雨季）之间的恢复面积需要实现可比FS随机放置的牡蛎。
US west coast populations of the native Olympia oyster Ostrea lurida declined precipitously in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and were often replaced by the non-native Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) by the aquaculture industry. Recovery of native oyster ecosystem services derived from their suspension feeding activities (termed “filtration services” (FS)) often serves as a powerful incentive for restoration of populations of O. lurida along the US west coast despite uncertainty about the potential effects of their filtration activities on concentrations of suspended particulate matter. Here, we provide an improved FS model for O. lurida and C. gigas in Yaquina Bay, OR, that is based on both in situ feeding behavior and the complex hydrodynamics of the estuary. The total area and the order of locations chosen for oyster restoration in Yaquina Bay were examined to determine how oyster FS could be maximized with limited resources. These modeling efforts quantified estimates showing (1) native oysters, if restored in Yaquina Bay to historic levels, may contribute nearly an order of magnitude greater FS than previously estimated; (2) C. gigas contributes significantly greater FS than O. lurida, especially during the wet season; (3) FS provided by either species is highly dependent upon seasonal river forcing and salinity; (4) spatial variation in FS arises from the hydrodynamics of the system, uneven oysters distributions, and upstream pre-filtering. We found that spatially explicit models demonstrated the benefits of prioritizing restoration to areas with the greatest FS potential, rather than placing oysters randomly within historic habitats. Directing restoration in this manner used between 75% (dry season) and 60% (wet season) less of the restored area needed to achieve comparable FS with randomly placed oysters.