Phenotypic plasticity and differentiation in fitness-related traits in invasive populations of the Mediterranean forb Centaurea melitensis (Asteraceae).
Phenotypic plasticity and differentiation in fitness-related traits in invasive populations of the Mediterranean forb Centaurea melitensis (Asteraceae).
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DOI：
10.3732/ajb.1200543
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发表时间：
2013-10
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
J. Moroney;P. Rundel;V. Sork
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Moroney;P. Rundel;V. Sork
生物入侵威胁着全球生物多样性，造成了严重的生态和经济代价。引进后的表型可塑性和适应性相关性状的分化有助于提高入侵植物种群的生产性能。我们确定是性状手段的引进后进化或其可塑性，还是固有的全物种表型可塑性促进了欧洲一年生草本植物的入侵。•方法在一个普通温室中，我们比较了半人马（Centaurea melitensis）本地种群和入侵种群在4种营养水平下的几个适应性相关性状和这些性状的表型可塑性。我们测试了来自三个类似地中海气候类型地区的18个种群：原生范围（西班牙南部）和两个入侵范围（加利福尼亚和智利中部）。•关键结果半人马具有整体的表型可塑性，这是一种促进入侵的特性。入侵种群与本土植物的分化是通过几种性状手段和表型可塑性水平向增强竞争能力和成功的方向进行的。入侵植物在生长阶段的早期开花更早，生长更快，这是入侵的重要特征。•结论：入侵种群的表型可塑性及其入侵后的进化，以及与适应度相关的性状手段的进化，可能导致了加利福尼亚和智利的C. melitensis入侵。随着对生长条件的广泛耐受性，定居在加利福尼亚和智利栖息地的C. meltiensis种群在一些生活史特征和这些特征的可塑性方面经历了快速进化，这些特征将促进地中海生态系统的入侵。
UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Biological invasions threaten global biodiversity, resulting in severe ecological and economic costs. Phenotypic plasticity and differentiation in fitness-related traits after introduction can contribute to increased performance in invasive populations of plants. We determined whether postintroduction evolution in trait means or in their plasticity, or inherent species-wide phenotypic plasticity has promoted invasiveness in a European annual forb. • METHODS In a common greenhouse, we compared several fitness-related traits and the phenotypic plasticity of those traits under four levels of nutrients among native and invasive populations of Centaurea melitensis. We tested 18 populations from three regions of similar mediterranean climate type: the native range (southern Spain) and two invaded ranges (California and central Chile). • KEY RESULTS Centaurea melitensis possesses overall phenotypic plasticity, which is a trait that promotes invasiveness. Invasive populations were differentiated from native plants for several trait means and their levels of phenotypic plasticity in directions that enhance competitive ability and success. Invasive plants flowered earlier and grew faster in the early stages of growth phases, important features for invasiveness. • CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic plasticity, its evolution postinvasion, and the evolution of fitness-related trait means in invasive populations have potentially contributed to the invasion of C. melitensis in California and Chile. Along with an overall wide range of tolerance to growing conditions, C. meltiensis populations that have colonized habitats in California and Chile have undergone rapid evolution in several life history traits and the plasticities of those traits in directions that would promote invasiveness in mediterranean ecosystems.