National differences in gender-science stereotypes predict national sex differences in science and math achievement
National differences in gender-science stereotypes predict national sex differences in science and math achievement
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0809921106
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发表时间：
2009-06-30
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Greenwald, Anthony G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nosek, Brian A.;Smyth, Frederick L.;Greenwald, Anthony G.
About 70% of more than half a million Implicit Association Tests completed by citizens of 34 countries revealed expected implicit stereotypes associating science with males more than with females. We discovered that nation-level implicit stereotypes predicted nation-level sex differences in 8th-grade science and mathematics achievement. Self-reported stereotypes did not provide additional predictive validity of the achievement gap. We suggest that implicit stereotypes and sex differences in science participation and performance are mutually reinforcing, contributing to the persistent gender gap in science engagement.
