Wave Function Collapse

Wave Function Collapse
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波函数崩溃

DOI:
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发表时间:
2009
期刊:
Compendium of Quantum Physics
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
I. Stamatescu
I. Stamatescu
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
I. Stamatescu

文献摘要

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在“波函数崩溃”(或“状态向量缩减”)下,人们可以理解测量中系统状态的“突然”变化。这种变化不能简化为经典的“信息增益”,而是一个真正的量子力学概念,与量子态的概念直接相关。如果我们认为量子力学描述了单个系统的行为,这一点尤其重要。在下文中,我们将首先将塌陷作为正式概念在这种情况下的作用进行描述,然后我们将讨论塌陷的物理方法的一些变体。我们将在本文最后评论量子力学中的“个体系统”概念。
Under “collapse of the wave function” (or “state vector reduction”) one understands the ‘sudden’ change of the system’s state in a measurement. This change is not reducible to classical “information gain”, but is a genuine quantum mechanical concept, directly related to the concept of quantum state. It is especially relevant if we consider that quantum mechanics describes the behaviour of individual systems. In the following we shall first describe the role of the collapse as a formal concept in this context, then we shall discuss some variants of physical approaches to collapse. We shall comment on the notion of “individual systems” in quantum mechanics at the end of this article.