The Effect of Ethnic Diversity and Community Disadvantage on Social Cohesion: A Multi-Level Analysis of Social Capital and Interethnic Relations in UK Communities
The Effect of Ethnic Diversity and Community Disadvantage on Social Cohesion: A Multi-Level Analysis of Social Capital and Interethnic Relations in UK Communities
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DOI：
10.1093/esr/jcp057
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Laurence, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laurence, James
一些研究发现，族裔多样性与社会资本之间存在负面关系，并据此认为多样性对社会凝聚力产生有害影响。本文认为，社会凝聚力必须被视为一个多方面的概念，任何分析到多样性和社会资本之间的关系，需要补充的分析多样性的影响“族群之间的关系”。我们的研究结果表明，虽然增加多样性确实对社会资本产生了负面影响，但它同时改善了对种族群体的看法和种族群体之间的关系。此外，我们发现，在不同的环境中形成“桥接”关系起着重要的作用，多样性和宽容之间的积极关系，“桥接”关系的存在也可以减少多样性对社会资本的负面影响。然而，虽然我们的研究结果表明，多样性对社会凝聚力有积极和消极的影响，我们发现，它是不利的，有最不利的影响，破坏社会资本和种族间的关系。我们还发现，使用更敏感的多样性措施（根据一个地区的种族群体的比例大小，数量和类型创建一个地区类型学）的证据表明，生活在不同的多样性结构中可能会导致不同的社会凝聚力结果。
A number of studies have found a negative relationship between ethnic diversity and social capital and assumed from this a harmful effect of diversity on social cohesion. This article suggests that social cohesion must be treated as a multifaceted concept and any analysis into the relationship between diversity and social capital needs to be complemented by an analysis of diversity's effect on 'relations between ethnic groups'. Our results show that while increasing diversity does have a negative impact on social capital, it simultaneously improves perceptions of, and relations between, ethnic groups. Furthermore, we find that forming 'bridging' ties in diverse environments plays a significant role in the positive relationship between diversity and tolerance, and that the presence of 'bridging' ties can also reduce the negative impact of diversity on social capital. However, while our results show that diversity has both positive and negative effects on social cohesion, we find that it is disadvantage which has the most detrimental impact, undermining both social capital and interethnic relations. We also find evidence that using a more sensitive measure of diversity (creating an area typology based on the proportional size, number, and type of ethnic groups in an area) reveals that living in different structures of diversity may lead to different social cohesion outcomes.