Influenza vaccination in the elderly: seeking new correlates of protection and improved vaccines.
Influenza vaccination in the elderly: seeking new correlates of protection and improved vaccines.
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DOI：
10.2217/1745509x.4.6.603
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McElhaney, Janet E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McElhaney, Janet E
流感是所有传染病中最重要的一种，它会随着年龄的增长而增加严重并发症和死亡的风险。确定当前流感疫苗的益处在很大程度上仅限于流行病学研究，因为流感疫苗的安慰剂对照试验在老年人群中不再被认为是合乎道德的。疫苗有效性是根据选择接种疫苗的个体与未接种疫苗的个体相比流感结果的相对减少来计算的，其假设是多种多样的，并且导致了关于老年人接种流感疫苗的确切益处的相当大的争议。尽管存在这些争议，但毫无疑问，尽管流感疫苗接种计划广泛实施，但仍然需要新的流感疫苗技术来改善保护并扭转老年人与流感相关的住院率和死亡率上升的趋势。本文将回顾新疫苗开发面临的挑战，探讨流感预防的潜在相关性，并描述新疫苗技术如何改善老年人群对复杂流感疾病的预防。
Influenza is foremost among all infectious diseases for an age-related increase in risk for serious complications and death. Determining the benefit of current influenza vaccines is largely limited to epidemiologic studies, since placebo-controlled trials of influenza vaccines are no longer considered ethical in the older adult population. Vaccine effectiveness is calculated from the relative reduction in influenza outcomes in individuals who elect to be vaccinated compared with those who do not, the assumptions for which are diverse and have led to considerable controversy as to the exact benefit of influenza vaccination in older adults. In spite of this controversy, there is no doubt that new influenza vaccine technologies are needed to improve protection and reverse the trend of rising hospitalization and death rates related to influenza in older adults despite widespread influenza vaccination programs. This article will review the challenges to new vaccine development, explore the potential correlates of protection against influenza, and describe how new vaccine technologies may improve protection against complicated influenza illness in the older adult population.