Undervalued and ignored: Are humans poorly adapted to energy-dense foods?
Undervalued and ignored: Are humans poorly adapted to energy-dense foods?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.015
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Rogers, Peter J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brunstrom, Jeffrey M.;Drake, Alex C. L.;Rogers, Peter J.
在许多物种中，准确区分食物能量密度(千卡/克)的能力是至关重要的，因为它极大地提高了觅食的效率。在现代人中，这种能力保持不变，表现为对含有更多卡路里的水果和蔬菜的选择性偏好。然而，人类是通过食用这些低能量密度的食物(通常为1.75千卡/克)进化而来的，目前尚不清楚他们是否也能区分更高能量密度的食物，这些食物现在是现代西方饮食的特色。在两个实验参与者(均为N=40)中，他们完成了四项任务，分别评估能量密度不同的22种食物(实验1和实验2的能量密度分别为0.1千卡/克-5.3千卡/克和0.1千卡/克-6.2千卡/克)的价值。在实验1中，有三项指标(预期饱满度、卡路里估计和食物选择)，在低于约1.5千卡/克的食物(通常是水果和蔬菜)中，感知价值和能量密度之间的关系是线性的。在这上面，我们观察到了明显的压缩函数，表明较高能量密度的食物相对和逐渐被低估。第四个任务(被评为喜欢)没有提供与能量密度有任何关系的证据。在实验2中，相同的模式在预期饱腹度的测量中重复，并在两种不同的主观卡路里含量评估中重复。与“进化不一致”的概念一致，这项研究表明，现代人类生理学不太适合评估具有历史上不寻常(高)能量密度的食物。这对我们理解“现代”高能量食物如何影响选择和能量摄入，以及旨在从高能量食物中去除卡路里的策略都有意义。(C)2017年布里斯托尔大学。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。
In many species the capacity to accurately differentiate the energy density (kcal/g) of foods is critical because it greatly improves efficiency in foraging. In modern humans this ability remains intact and is expressed in a selective preference for types of fruit and vegetables that contain more calories. However, humans evolved consuming these low energy-dense foods (typically < 1.75 kcal/g) and it remains unclear whether they can also discriminate more energy-dense foods that now feature in modern Western diets. In two experiment participants (both N = 40) completed four tasks that assessed the 'value' of different sets of 22 foods that ranged in energy density (0.1 kcal/g-5.3 kcal/g and range 0.1 kcal/g to 6.2 kcal/g in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively). In Experiment 1 three measures (expected fullness, calorie estimation, and food choice), and in foods less than approximately 1.5 kcal/g (typically fruits and vegetables), the relationship between perceived value and energy density is linear. Above this, we observed clear compressive functions, indicating relative and progressive undervaluation of higher energy-dense foods. The fourth task (rated liking) failed to provide evidence for any relationship with energy density. In Experiment 2 the same pattern was replicated in measures of expected fullness, and in two different assessments of subjective calorie content. Consistent with the concept of 'evolutionary discordance,' this work indicates that modern human physiology is poorly adapted to evaluate foods that have a historically unusual (high) energy density. This has implications both for our understanding of how 'modern' energy-dense foods affect choice and energy intake, and for strategies aimed at removing calories from highly energy-rich foods. (C) 2017 University of Bristol. Published by Elsevier Ltd.