Don't cull wild birds yet.
Don't cull wild birds yet.
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暂时不要扑杀野鸟。
DOI：
10.1126/science.340.6133.681-a
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Shun Deng Fam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Yong;D. Ng;G. Xiong;Shun Deng Fam
在过去，大多数物种的消失都是由于无知或不幸的灾难性事件（1，2）。我们现在看到一个发达国家的政府采取精心策划的行动，将一种濒危物种推向灭绝。为了防止生物多样性的丧失，最广泛使用的战略是建立保护区。因此，2008年为利德比特负鼠（Gymnobelideus leadbeateri）建立了一个保护区系统-澳大利亚维多利亚州的动物区系标志。该保护区系统基于种群生存能力分析，该分析揭示了具有成本效益的保护物种的最佳策略（3）。该战略包括在政府拥有的森林中嵌入非伐木保护区，否则主要用于木材生产（4）。然而，在过去的两年里，政府批准的立法变化（5）和栖息地保护协议的大幅淡化（6）导致这些保护区的砍伐（其中大部分树木被砍伐）和Leadbeater负鼠已知栖息地的破坏。砍伐森林使这种动物的森林栖息地至少在150年内都不适合。全球分析表明，许多发展中国家的正式储备系统正在因伐木、土地清理、采矿和其他做法而退化。对生态和保护要求的认识不足，加上管理上的不作为，导致这些国家的物种受到威胁或灭绝。这些考虑在Leadbeater的负鼠的情况下提供没有借口;该物种一直是30多年详细研究的主题（4）。政府批准的保护区系统的法律的伐木将大大增加利德比特负鼠灭绝的机会。据我们所知，尽管州和国家的受威胁物种立法，这是澳大利亚政府第一次采取有计划的行动，在充分了解可能后果的情况下，大幅降低IUCN列出的濒危物种的生存能力。大卫B。* 和休·波辛汉2
IN THE PAST, MOST LOSSES OF SPECIES HAVE BEEN THE RESULT OF ignorance or an unfortunate catastrophic event (1, 2). We now see a government in a developed nation taking calculated actions to drive an endangered species to extinction. To counter biodiversity loss, the most widely used strategy is to establish reserves. Hence, a system of protected areas was established in 2008 for Leadbeater’s possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri)—the faunal emblem of the Australian state of Victoria. This reserve system is based on a population viability analysis that uncovered the best strategy for costeffectively securing the species (3). The strategy consists of no-logging reserves embedded within government-owned forests that are otherwise primarily for wood production (4). Yet in the past 2 years, government-sanctioned changes in legislation (5) and substantial watering down of protocols for habitat protection (6) have resulted in clearfell logging of those reserves (in which most of the trees are cut down) and destruction of known habitat for Leadbeater’s possum. Clearfell logging renders the animal’s forest habitat unsuitable for at least 150 years (4). Global analyses have revealed that the formal reserve systems of many developing countries are being degraded by logging, land clearing, mining, and other practices (7). A poor understanding of ecological and conservation requirements, together with management inaction, leads to species becoming threatened or extinct in such countries. These considerations provide no excuse in the case of Leadbeater’s possum; the species has been the subject of more than 30 years of detailed research (4). Government-sanctioned legal logging of the reserve system will significantly increase the chance of extinction of Leadbeater’s possum. To the best of our knowledge, and despite state and national threatened species legislation, this is the first time an Australian government has taken calculated actions to substantially reduce the viability of an IUCN-listed endangered species with full knowledge of the likely consequences. DAVID B. LINDENMAYER1* AND HUGH P. POSSINGHAM2