Mothers and Others
Mothers and Others
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DOI：
10.2307/j.ctt1c84czb
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发表时间：
2009-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Hrdy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Hrdy
在非洲的某个地方，一百多万年前，一种猿类开始以不同于他们的巨猿祖先的方式抚养后代。从这种新的关怀形式中产生了相互参与和理解的新方式。这种独特的人类能力是如何进化的，以及它们是如何让我们活了几千代的，这是人类情感进化的大胆而广泛的新视野所揭示的奥秘。《母亲和其他人》在灵长类动物独特的人类童年长度中找到了关键。如果孩子们要在一个食物匮乏的世界里生存，他们不仅需要母亲的照顾，还需要兄弟姐妹、阿姨、父亲、朋友--如果幸运的话，还有祖母。莎拉·哈迪认为，正是由于这种复杂而偶然的育儿方式，人类才有了理解他人的能力。母亲和其他人”教我们谁会关心，谁不会。从“飞机上的猿”的开场白;到对绒猴、黑猩猩、狼和狮子之间婴儿护理的描述;到对狩猎采集社会中男人为什么一起狩猎的解释（提示：这被称为炫耀假说），《母亲和其他人》具有令人信服的可读性。但这也是一个错综复杂的论点，自从更新世以来，它已经采取了一个村庄来抚养孩子-以及这是如何给我们的古代祖先第一次推动通往情感现代人类的道路。
Somewhere in Africa, more than a million years ago, a line of ape began to rear their young differently than their Great Ape ancestors. From this new form of care came new ways of engaging and understanding each other. How such singular human capacities evolved, and how they have kept us alive for thousands of generations, is the mystery revealed in this bold and wide-ranging new vision of human emotional evolution. "Mothers and Others" finds the key in the primatologically unique length of human childhood. If the young were to survive in a world of scarce food, they needed to be cared for, not only by their mothers but also by siblings, aunts, fathers, friends - and, with any luck, grandmothers. Out of this complicated and contingent form of childrearing, Sarah Hrdy argues, came the human capacity for understanding others. Mothers and Others" teaches us who will care, and who will not. From its opening vision of 'apes on a plane'; to descriptions of baby care among marmosets, chimpanzees, wolves, and lions; to explanations about why men in hunter-gatherer societies hunt together (hint: it's called the Showing-Off Hypothesis), "Mothers and Others" is compellingly readable. But it is also an intricately knit argument that ever since the Pleistocene, it has taken a village to raise children - and how that gave our ancient ancestors the first push on the path toward becoming emotionally modern human beings.