Pyrethroids in human breast milk: Occurrence and nursing daily intake estimation
Pyrethroids in human breast milk: Occurrence and nursing daily intake estimation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2012.05.007
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发表时间：
2012-10-15
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Barcelo, Damia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Corcellas, Cayo;Luisa Feo, Maria;Barcelo, Damia
有一种假设认为，拟除虫菊酯农药在哺乳动物体内通过水解转化为无毒代谢物。然而，最近的一些研究表明，它们在拟除虫菊酯广泛用于农业或疟疾控制的地区收集的人母乳中存在生物累积。在这项工作中，对来自巴西、哥伦比亚和西班牙等未使用拟除虫菊酯控制疟疾的地区的人母乳样本中的 13 种拟除虫菊酯进行了研究。拟除虫菊酯的浓度范围为1.45 至24.2 ng g(-1) lw。所有研究样品中均含有氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯和高氰菊酯/氰戊菊酯。拟除虫菊酯混合物的成分取决于样品的原产国，联苯菊酯在巴西样品中含量最高，高效氯氟氰菊酯在哥伦比亚样品中，氯菊酯在西班牙样品中含量最高。当拟除虫菊酯浓度与妊娠次数相对应时，观察到指数衰减。此外，在巴西进行了一项时间趋势研究，分析了额外的存档池样本，这些样本对应于拟除虫菊酯用于控制登革热流行的年份。在这些情况下，拟除虫菊酯总水平达到128 ng g(-1) lw，并且当不允许大量使用时浓度会降低。最后，计算了每个国家哺乳婴儿的每日摄入量估计值，并与世界卫生组织可接受的水平进行比较。哺乳婴儿的估计每日摄入量始终低于可接受的每日摄入量，但在某些样品中检测到的浓度非常接近最大可接受水平。 (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
There is an assumption that pyrethroid pesticides are converted to non-toxic metabolites by hydrolysis in mammals. However, some recent works have shown their bioaccumulation in human breast milk collected in areas where pyrethroids have been widely used for agriculture or malaria control. In this work, thirteen pyrethroids have been studied in human breast milk samples coming from areas without pyrethroid use for malaria control, such as Brazil, Colombia and Spain. The concentrations of pyrethroids ranged from 1.45 to 24.2 ng g(-1) lw. Cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin and esfenvalerate/fenvalerate were present in all the studied samples. The composition of pyrethroid mixture depended on the country of origin of the samples, bifenthrin being the most abundant in Brazilian samples, lambda-cyhalothrin in Colombian and permethrin in Spanish ones. When the pyrethroid concentrations were confronted against the number of gestations, an exponential decay was observed. Moreover, a time trend study was carried out in Brazil, where additional archived pool samples were analyzed, corresponding to years when pyrethroids were applied for dengue epidemic control. In these cases, total pyrethroid levels reached up to 128 ng g(-1) lw, and concentrations decreased when massive use was not allowed. Finally, daily intake estimation of nursing infants was calculated in each country and compared to acceptable WHO levels. The estimated daily intakes for nursing infants were always below the acceptable daily intake levels, nevertheless in certain samples the detected concentrations were very close to the maximum acceptable levels. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.