Segmented Re/integration: Divergent Post-Deportation Trajectories in El Salvador
Segmented Re/integration: Divergent Post-Deportation Trajectories in El Salvador
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DOI：
10.1093/socpro/spw049
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Dingeman-Cerda, Katie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dingeman-Cerda, Katie
本研究将分段同化扩展到驱逐出境后的研究。根据对96名被驱逐的萨尔瓦多人的生活史采访，报告认为，被驱逐者在返回后遵循不同的重新融入社会的道路。不同的轨迹可以通过回归背景（政府政策、社会接纳、经济结构和被驱逐者社区）、移民特征（人口统计、犯罪和移民历史、经济资源和社会关系）和代理行为之间的相互作用来解释。在萨尔瓦多，国家关系和对被驱逐者犯罪行为的看法是驱逐出境后结果的最佳预测因素。在萨尔瓦多长大并在国外与萨尔瓦多保持联系的被驱逐者（萨尔瓦多国民）在社会上受到比较有利的接待，但面临着不稳定的经济状况。相反，被驱逐出境的人在美国度过了很长一段时间，并在遣返前继续与美国保持联系（美国国民），在返回后受到高度侮辱和刑事定罪。美国公民很难找到工作，并成为警察和帮派的目标。无论社会文化和经济结果如何，萨尔瓦多国民和美国国民都渴望回到美国，尤其是如果他们在国外有孩子的话。该研究证实了现有的研究，即大规模驱逐可能会减缓但不会阻止美洲的移民周期。它还为今后的递解出境后比较研究提供了一个分析框架。
This study extends segmented assimilation to post-deportation studies. Drawing from life history interviews with 96 deported Salvadoran men, it argues that deportees follow different paths to re/integration upon return. Divergent trajectories are explained by an interaction between the context of return (government policies, social reception, economic structure, and the deportee community), migrant characteristics (demographics, criminal and migratory histories, economic resources, and social ties), and agentic behavior. In El Salvador, national affiliations and perceptions of deportee criminality emerge as the best predictors of post-deportation outcomes. Deportees who grew up in El Salvador and remained connected to it while abroad (Salvadoran Nationals) encountered a relatively more favorable societal reception but faced a precarious economic situation. Conversely, deportees who spent significant time in the U.S. and continued identified with it prior to removal (U.S. Nationals) were highly stigmatized and criminalized upon return. U.S. nationals struggled to find employment and were targeted by police and gangs. Regardless of sociocultural and economic outcomes, both Salvadoran nationals and U.S. nationals longed to return to the U.S., especially if they had children abroad. The study affirms existing research claiming that mass deportation may slow but does not stop the migration cycle in the Americas. It also offers an analytical framework for future comparative post-deportation research.