ORTHOSCOPE Analysis Reveals the Presence of the Cellulose Synthase Gene in All Tunicate Genomes but Not in Other Animal Genomes
ORTHOSCOPE Analysis Reveals the Presence of the Cellulose Synthase Gene in All Tunicate Genomes but Not in Other Animal Genomes
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DOI：
10.3390/genes10040294
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Satoh, Noriyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Inoue, Jun;Nakashima, Keisuke;Satoh, Noriyuki
由海鞘、幼虫和腹鞘组成的被囊动物或尾索动物是唯一能合成纤维素的后生动物，这种生物功能通常与细菌和植物有关，而与动物无关。被膜纤维素或被膜是这些生物整个身体的外脱细胞覆盖（被膜）的主要成分。以前的研究表明，原核纤维素合成酶基因（CesA）被水平转移到一个被囊动物祖先的基因组中。然而，目前还没有一种方便的工具来确定是否只有金枪鱼携带CesA。ORTHOSCOPE是最近开发的一种工具，用于鉴定同源基因和检查主要后生动物分类群分子的系统发育关系。目前使用该工具进行的分析显示，在所有已测序的被囊动物基因组中存在CesA同源物，但在其他后生动物基因组中不存在。这支持了动物纤维素的进化起源，并为这一动物分类单元的进化提供了见解。
Tunicates or urochordatescomprising ascidians, larvaceans, and salpsare the only metazoans that can synthesize cellulose, a biological function usually associated with bacteria and plants but not animals. Tunicate cellulose or tunicine is a major component of the outer acellular coverage (tunic) of the entire body of these organisms. Previous studies have suggested that the prokaryotic cellulose synthase gene (CesA) was horizontally transferred into the genome of a tunicate ancestor. However, no convenient tools have been devised to determine whether only tunicates harbor CesA. ORTHOSCOPE is a recently developed tool used to identify orthologous genes and to examine the phylogenic relationship of molecules within major metazoan taxa. The present analysis with this tool revealed the presence of CesA orthologs in all sequenced tunicate genomes but an absence in other metazoan genomes. This supports an evolutionary origin of animal cellulose and provides insights into the evolution of this animal taxon.