Role of the Microbiome in Energy Regulation and Metabolism
Role of the Microbiome in Energy Regulation and Metabolism
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DOI：
10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.008
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Kaplan, Lee M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nieuwdorp, Max;Gilijamse, Pim W.;Kaplan, Lee M.
肠道微生物调节代谢功能和能量平衡;改变的微生物生态被认为有助于几种代谢疾病的发展。在那些肥胖或患有其他代谢紊乱的人中，肠道微生物群的相对物种丰度和代谢特征会发生显著变化，并对摄入的营养物质或治疗剂做出反应。肠道微生物群及其代谢产物影响宿主体内平衡的机制刚刚开始被理解。本文综述了肠道菌群与宿主代谢的关系，包括能量的摄入、使用和消耗，以及与葡萄糖和脂质代谢的关系。这些关联，沿着肠道微生物群、粘液层、胆汁酸和粘膜免疫应答之间的相互作用，揭示了微生物群影响代谢的潜在机制。我们讨论了如何控制研究，涉及直接扰动的微生物群落在人类和动物模型中，需要确定有效的治疗目标的微生物群。
Intestinal microbes regulate metabolic function and energy balance; an altered microbial ecology is believed to contribute to the development of several metabolic diseases. Relative species abundance and metabolic characteristics of the intestinal microbiota change substantially in those who are obese or have other metabolic disorders and in response to ingested nutrients or therapeutic agents. The mechanisms through which the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites affect host homeostasis are just beginning to be understood. We review the relationships between the intestinal microbiota and host metabolism, including energy intake, use, and expenditure, in relation to glucose and lipid metabolism. These associations, along with interactions among the intestinal microbiota, mucus layer, bile acids, and mucosal immune responses, reveal potential mechanisms by which the microbiota affect metabolism. We discuss how controlled studies involving direct perturbations of microbial communities in human and animal models are required to identify effective therapeutic targets in the microbiota.