Dry-contact and noncontact biopotential electrodes: methodological review.
Dry-contact and noncontact biopotential electrodes: methodological review.
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DOI：
10.1109/rbme.2010.2084078
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
17.6
通讯作者：
Cauwenberghs, Gert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chi, Yu Mike;Jung, Tzyy-Ping;Cauwenberghs, Gert
最近对无线、基于移动的医疗保健的需求和兴趣已经驱动了对开发用于患者生理监测的替代生物电势电极的显著兴趣。在当今的临床应用中几乎普遍使用的常规湿粘合剂Ag/AgCl电极提供了极好的信号，但是对于移动的使用来说是麻烦的和令人不快的。虽然电极在没有凝胶、粘合剂甚至皮肤接触的情况下工作已经有几十年的历史了，但它们还没有被医学应用所接受。此外，不同电极之间的详细知识和比较在文献中不是众所周知的。在本文中，我们首先解释了干燥、绝缘和非接触电极的电气模型，并显示了性能限制，沿着测量数据，从而探索了干燥/非接触电极在临床中的使用。理论和数据表明，最小化电极电阻的常见做法可能并不总是必要的，实际上会导致噪声增加，这取决于耦合电容。理论分析之后，在文献中的最新的干电极的发展进行了广泛的审查。本文最后强调了干电极技术为心脏和神经监测提供的一些新系统，然后讨论了当前的挑战和未来的路线图。
Recent demand and interest in wireless, mobile-based healthcare has driven significant interest towards developing alternative biopotential electrodes for patient physiological monitoring. The conventional wet adhesive Ag/AgCl electrodes used almost universally in clinical applications today provide an excellent signal but are cumbersome and irritating for mobile use. While electrodes that operate without gels, adhesives and even skin contact have been known for many decades, they have yet to achieve any acceptance for medical use. In addition, detailed knowledge and comparisons between different electrodes are not well known in the literature. In this paper, we explore the use of dry/noncontact electrodes for clinical use by first explaining the electrical models for dry, insulated and noncontact electrodes and show the performance limits, along with measured data. The theory and data show that the common practice of minimizing electrode resistance may not always be necessary and actually lead to increased noise depending on coupling capacitance. Theoretical analysis is followed by an extensive review of the latest dry electrode developments in the literature. The paper concludes with highlighting some of the novel systems that dry electrode technology has enabled for cardiac and neural monitoring followed by a discussion of the current challenges and a roadmap going forward.