Discovery of a rare pterosaur bone bed in a cretaceous desert with insights on ontogeny and behavior of flying reptiles.

Discovery of a rare pterosaur bone bed in a cretaceous desert with insights on ontogeny and behavior of flying reptiles.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0100005
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
de Moura CC
de Moura CC
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Manzig PC;Kellner AW;Weinschütz LC;Fragoso CE;Vega CS;Guimarães GB;Godoy LC;Liccardo A;Ricetti JH;de Moura CC

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在巴西南部白垩纪沙漠的沙丘间湖存款中发现了一个翼龙化石层,其中至少有47个个体(翼展:0.65-2.35米),这是一个新种,为这些飞行爬行动物的几个生物学方面提供了新的线索。这些材料代表了一种新的翼龙,Caiuajara dobruskii gen. et sp. nov.,这是迄今发现的无齿分支Tapejaridae(Tapejarinae,翼龙总科)的最南端。多布鲁斯基卡氏蜥与该分支的其他成员在几个颅骨特征上有所不同,包括存在一个由前上颌骨形成的鼻眶窗内投射的腹矢状骨扩张;以及下颌的特征,像是在牙齿的咬合面上有一个明显的圆形凹陷。多布鲁斯凯氏原螯虾的个体发育变异主要体现在前上颌骨嵴的大小和倾斜度上,从幼年时的小而倾斜(约115°)到成年时的大而陡峭(约90°)。在颅后元素中没有观察到特殊的个体发育特征。现有的资料显示,该物种是群居的,生活在殖民地,而且很可能早熟,能够在很小的时候飞行,这可能是一个普遍的趋势,至少是衍生翼龙。
A pterosaur bone bed with at least 47 individuals (wing spans: 0.65–2.35 m) of a new species is reported from southern Brazil from an interdunal lake deposit of a Cretaceous desert, shedding new light on several biological aspects of those flying reptiles. The material represents a new pterosaur, Caiuajara dobruskii gen. et sp. nov., that is the southermost occurrence of the edentulous clade Tapejaridae (Tapejarinae, Pterodactyloidea) recovered so far. Caiuajara dobruskii differs from all other members of this clade in several cranial features, including the presence of a ventral sagittal bony expansion projected inside the nasoantorbital fenestra, which is formed by the premaxillae; and features of the lower jaw, like a marked rounded depression in the occlusal concavity of the dentary. Ontogenetic variation of Caiuajara dobruskii is mainly reflected in the size and inclination of the premaxillary crest, changing from small and inclined (∼115°) in juveniles to large and steep (∼90°) in adults. No particular ontogenetic features are observed in postcranial elements. The available information suggests that this species was gregarious, living in colonies, and most likely precocial, being able to fly at a very young age, which might have been a general trend for at least derived pterosaurs.
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