Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Palatogenesis.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Palatogenesis.
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DOI：
10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.07.002
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jiang R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lan Y;Xu J;Jiang R
腭发生包括在胚胎发生过程中，最初分离的面部突起处的原发腭和继发腭板的起始、生长、形态发生以及融合，从而形成将口腔与鼻腔分隔开的完整腭。腭板主要由颅神经嵴衍生的间充质细胞组成，其表面覆盖着一层简单的胚胎上皮。腭板的生长和模式形成受多种信号通路和转录因子调控的上皮 - 间充质相互作用所控制。在腭板向外生长期间，胚胎上皮形成一层由单层连续的周皮细胞组成的“特氟龙”涂层，防止面部突起和腭板形成异常的上皮间粘连。腭融合不仅涉及周皮在时空上受调控的破裂，还涉及动态的细胞和分子过程，这些过程导致腭中缘上皮的黏附和嵌入，形成板间上皮缝，随后上皮缝溶解，形成完整的口腔顶。这些形态发生过程调控的复杂性反映在人类腭裂的常见发生上。本综述将总结近期的主要进展，并讨论在理解控制腭发生的细胞和分子机制方面仍然存在的主要差距。
Palatogenesis involves the initiation, growth, morphogenesis, and fusion of the primary and secondary palatal shelves from initially separate facial prominences during embryogenesis to form the intact palate separating the oral cavity from the nostrils. The palatal shelves consist mainly of cranial neural crest-derived mesenchyme cells covered under a simple embryonic epithelium. Growth and patterning of the palatal shelves are controlled by reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulated by multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. During palatal shelf outgrowth, the embryonic epithelium develops a “teflon” coat consisting of a single, continuous layer of periderm cells that prevents the facial prominences and palatal shelves from forming aberrant inter-epithelial adhesions. Palatal fusion involves not only spatiotemporally-regulated disruption of the periderm but also dynamic cellular and molecular processes that result in adhesion and intercalation of the palatal medial edge epithelia to form an inter-shelf epithelial seam, and subsequent dissolution of the epithelial seam to form the intact roof of the oral cavity. The complexity of regulation of these morphogenetic processes is reflected by the common occurrence of cleft palate in humans. This review will summarize major recent advances and discuss major remaining gaps in the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling palatogenesis.