Diversification and use of bioenergy to maintain future grasslands.
Diversification and use of bioenergy to maintain future grasslands.
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DOI：
10.1002/fes3.75
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Fraser MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donnison IS;Fraser MD
草原农业正在经历一系列威胁，包括盈利能力下降和其他土地用途（包括建筑环境的扩张以及农田和林业）面积的损失。将草地作为一种自然资源，无论是在现有植被和土地覆盖方面，还是在生物能源和其他非粮食应用方面种植新物种，都提供了一个机会和潜在的解决方案，以维持多年生草地提供的更广泛的生态系统服务，并改善草地农民及其社区的选择。本文汇集了不同的草或基于草地的研究，并将其视为一系列战略的一部分，这些战略与草地生产系统的改进相结合，将提高草地作为重要自然资源的整体效率，并使更大的区域得到管理，重新种植或保护。这些多样化的选择涉及到那些最有可能提供给农民和土地所有者在边际经济或不经济的草原中北方欧洲，特别是在英国。草地是全球土地利用的主要地区，因此这些战略可能适用于其他地区，尽管所用的草种可能各不相同。所涵盖的选项包括在城市和半城市环境中使用来自草管理的生物质，作为生态系统管理一部分的半天然草地系统，除了畜牧生产之外的牧场，以及专用能源草的种植和种植。采用这种方法不仅可以增加经济上处于边缘地位的草原的收入，而且还可以减少畜牧业生产的温室气体排放，并有助于为保护这些宝贵的草原生态系统和景观提供资金，而这正日益成为一项挑战。
Grassland agriculture is experiencing a number of threats including declining profitability and loss of area to other land uses including expansion of the built environment as well as from cropland and forestry. The use of grassland as a natural resource either in terms of existing vegetation and land cover or planting of new species for bioenergy and other nonfood applications presents an opportunity, and potential solution, to maintain the broader ecosystem services that perennial grasslands provide as well as to improve the options for grassland farmers and their communities. This paper brings together different grass or grassland‐based studies and considers them as part of a continuum of strategies that, when also combined with improvements in grassland production systems, will improve the overall efficiency of grasslands as an important natural resource and enable a greater area to be managed, replanted or conserved. These diversification options relate to those most likely to be available to farmers and land owners in the marginally economic or uneconomic grasslands of middle to northern Europe and specifically in the UK. Grasslands represent the predominant global land use and so these strategies are likely to be relevant to other areas although the grass species used may vary. The options covered include the use of biomass derived from the management of grasses in the urban and semi urban environment, semi‐natural grassland systems as part of ecosystem management, pasture in addition to livestock production, and the planting and cropping of dedicated energy grasses. The adoption of such approaches would not only increase income from economically marginal grasslands, but would also mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production and help fund conservation of these valuable grassland ecosystems and landscapes, which is increasingly becoming a challenge.