Phenological overlap between crop and pollinators: Contrasting influence of native and non-native bees on raspberry fruits over the flowering season
Phenological overlap between crop and pollinators: Contrasting influence of native and non-native bees on raspberry fruits over the flowering season
复制标题
作物和传粉者之间的物候重叠：开花季节本地和非本地蜜蜂对覆盆子果实的影响对比
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.14519
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Sáez A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sáez A
作物开花和传粉者之间的物候重叠是世界上75%以上作物授粉的关键特征。然而，作物管理很少考虑植物-传粉者互惠共生的季节性方面。在这里，我们调查了作物和传粉者之间的物候重叠，以及它如何影响授粉和果实产量。我们测量了在开花季节的两个不同时间访问树莓花的本地和非本地传粉者的丰度和丰富度（即开花期的早期和晚期）并在16块农田中研究了它们对作物产量的影响。在树莓花上觅食的传粉者群落更加多样化，在16年中以本地传粉者为主。大多数本地植物开花的早期开花期。在季节后期，当周围环境中的本地花卉资源减少时，树莓花主要被两种非本地蜜蜂访问：管理的蜜蜂和入侵的熊蜂Bombus terrestris。授粉者对树莓产量的贡献在开花早期是后期的两倍（小核果集分别增加61%和31%）。在开花后期，非本地蜜蜂极高的访花频率造成的花朵损害是开花初期的6倍（分别为30%和5%）。合成和应用在农业景观中提供足够的花粉和花蜜资源来支持野生传粉者长时间授粉，有助于作物授粉，并确保高果实重量和质量。这可以通过用本地长花植物物种恢复农田附近的自然和半自然区域来实现。种植者和作物育种方案应考虑选择与本地传粉者高度多样性或丰富的时期相吻合的开花时间，以减少对受管理的传粉者的依赖。
Phenological overlap between crop flowering and pollinators is a crucial trait for the pollination of more than 75% of the world's crops. However, crop management rarely considers the seasonal aspect of plant–pollinator mutualism. Here, we investigate the phenological overlap between crops and pollinators and how it affects pollination and fruit production.We measured the abundance and richness of native and non‐native pollinators visiting raspberry flowers at two different times during the flowering season (i.e. early and late flowering periods) and examined their effects on crop yield in 16 fields.The community of pollinators foraging on raspberry flowers was more diverse and dominated by native pollinators during the early flowering period when most native plant species were flowering. Later in the season, when native flower resources declined in the surrounding environment, raspberry flowers were visited mainly by two non‐native bees: managed honeybees and the invasive bumblebeeBombus terrestris.Pollinator contribution to raspberry yield was twice as high in the early flowering period compared to the late period (61% vs. 31% increase in drupelet set respectively). Flower damage caused by extremely high visitation frequencies by non‐native bees in the late period was six times higher than in the early flowering period (30% vs. 5% of damaged flowers respectively).Synthesis and applications. Providing sufficient pollen and nectar resources to support wild pollinators over extended periods in agricultural landscapes can contribute to crop pollination and ensure high fruit weight and quality. This can be achieved by restoring natural and semi‐natural areas near crop fields with native, long‐flowering plant species. Growers and crop breeding programmes should consider selecting flowering times that coincide with periods of high diversity or abundance of native pollinators to reduce dependence on managed pollinators.