Decimation and interleaving operations in one-sided symbolic dynamics

Decimation and interleaving operations in one-sided symbolic dynamics
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单侧符号动力学中的抽取和交织运算

DOI:
10.1016/j.aam.2020.102160
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
1.1
通讯作者:
Slonim, Daniel J.
Slonim, Daniel J.
中科院分区:
数学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Abram, William C.;Lagarias, Jeffrey C.;Slonim, Daniel J.

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本文研究有限字母表上单侧移位空间的子集。这样的子集出现在符号动力学、分形构造和数论中。研究了一类抽取无穷等差数列符号序列的抽取运算,并证明了这些运算在合成条件下是封闭的。我们还研究了一族n元交织运算,每个n元交织运算对应一个n≥1。给定这样一个移位空间的子集X0,X1,…,Xn−1,n元交织运算产生一个集合,其元素通过以算术级数(Mod N)交织它们的符号序列来组合各个元素xi,每个xi一个元素。我们确定了抽取和交织运算与移位映射之间的代数关系。我们研究了集合论n重闭包运算X↦X[n],它交织模数为n的抽取X.当X=X[n]时,一个集合是n-可分解的.N重交织运算在合成下是闭合的,并且是幂等的。对于每个X,我们将X=X[n]的所有值n≥1的集合N(X)赋给它。我们将可能集N(X)刻画为在可除偏序下构成分配格的非空正整数集,在可除偏序下是向下闭的。我们证明了所有这种类型的集合都发生了。我们引入了一类弱移位稳定集,并证明了这类集在所有的抽取、交织和移位操作下都是闭的。我们研究了完全单边移位的子集的两个熵概念,证明了对于弱移位稳定的X,这两个概念是一致的,但通常可以是不同的。给出了弱移位稳定集交织的各个熵的计算公式。
This paper studies subsets of one-sided shift spaces on a finite alphabet. Such subsets arise in symbolic dynamics, in fractal constructions, and in number theory. We study a family of decimation operations, which extract subsequences of symbol sequences in infinite arithmetic progressions, and show these operations are closed under composition. We also study a family of n-ary interleaving operations, one for each n≥ 1. Given subsets X 0, X 1,..., X n− 1 of such a shift space, the n-ary interleaving operation produces a set whose elements combine individual elements x i, one from each X i, by interleaving their symbol sequences in arithmetic progressions (mod n). We determine algebraic relations between decimation and interleaving operations and the shift map. We study set-theoretic n-fold closure operations X↦ X [n], which interleave decimations of X of modulus level n. A set is n-factorizable if X= X [n]. The n-fold interleaving operations are closed under composition and are idempotent. To each X we assign the set N (X) of all values n≥ 1 for which X= X [n]. We characterize the possible sets N (X) as nonempty sets of positive integers that form a distributive lattice under the divisibility partial order and are downward closed under divisibility. We show that all sets of this type occur. We introduce a class of weakly shift-stable sets and show that this class is closed under all decimation, interleaving, and shift operations. We study two notions of entropy for subsets of the full one-sided shift and show that they coincide for weakly shift-stable X, but can be different in general. We give a formula for entropy of interleavings of weakly shift-stable sets in terms of individual entropies.
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