Adult headform impact tests of three Japanese child bicycle helmets into a vehicle
Adult headform impact tests of three Japanese child bicycle helmets into a vehicle
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2014.09.018
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Fujii, Chikayo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mizuno, Koji;Ito, Daisuke;Fujii, Chikayo
头部是骑自行车的人在与车辆碰撞时最常遭受致命和严重伤害的身体区域。许多研究使用事故数据调查头盔在预防头部损伤方面的有效性。在这项研究中，三个日本儿童自行车头盔的冲击衰减特性进行了实验研究在混凝土表面和车辆的冲击试验。一个带和不带日本儿童自行车头盔的行人成人人头模型被落在混凝土表面上，然后以35 km/h的速度在发动机罩、顶盖、挡风玻璃和A柱等不同位置被推入车辆。测量加速度并计算头部损伤标准（HIC）。在使用成人人头模型从1.5 m高度跌落到混凝土表面上的跌落测试中，不带儿童头盔的人头模型的HIC为6325，当人头模型上安装儿童头盔时，HIC降低了约80%。在碰撞试验中，人头模型以35 km/h的速度在汽车上的不同位置射入车辆，基于HIC计算的加速度根据车辆碰撞位置而变化。当撞击发生在发动机罩顶部和顶盖上时，带儿童头盔的撞击头模的HIC降低了10-38%，尽管在不带儿童头盔的撞击头模中HIC已经低于1000。类似地，对于撞击挡风玻璃（骑车人的头部最常受到撞击），使用不带儿童头盔的成人头部模型的HIC为122;而当成人头部模型与儿童头盔一起使用时，记录到的HIC值更高，超过850。但同样，HIC值低于1000。在撞击A柱时，不带儿童头盔的人头模型的HIC为4816，而带儿童头盔的人头模型的HIC降低了18-38%，具体取决于所使用的日本儿童头盔的类型。试验证明，日本儿童头盔在使用成人头部模型到相对刚性的硬表面上的跌落试验中有效地降低加速度和HIC，即，然而，当冲击测试进入较软的表面时，儿童头盔降低加速度的能力相应地降低。撞击挡风玻璃时，虽然低于1000的临界HIC值，但与不带儿童头盔的成人人头模型相比，带儿童头盔的人头模型的HIC值更高。结果的不可预测性表明，需要进一步的研究工作，以评估与实际头部相比，成人头部模型刚度的代表性。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The head is the body region that most frequently incurs fatal and serious injuries of cyclists in collisions against vehicles. Many research studies investigated helmet effectiveness in preventing head injuries using accident data. In this study, the impact attenuation characteristics of three Japanese child bicycle helmets were examined experimentally in impact tests into a concrete surface and a vehicle. A pedestrian adult headform with and without a Japanese child bicycle helmet was dropped onto a concrete surface and then propelled into a vehicle at 35 km/h in various locations such as the bonnet, roof header, windshield and A-pillar. Accelerations were measured and head injury criterion (HIC) calculated. In the drop tests using the adult headform onto a concrete surface from the height of 1.5 m, the HIC for a headform without a child helmet was 6325, and was reduced by around 80% when a child helmet was fitted to the headform. In the impact tests, where the headform was fired into the vehicle at 35 km/h at various locations on a car, the computed acceleration based HIC varied depending on the vehicle impact locations. The HIC was reduced by 10-38% for impacts headforms with a child helmet when the impact was onto a bonnet-top and roof header although the HIC was already less than 1000 in impacts with the headform without a child helmet. Similarly, for impacts into the windshield (where a cyclist's head is most frequently impacted), the HIC using the adult headform without a child helmet was 122; whereas when the adult headform was used with a child helmet, a higher HIC value of more than 850 was recorded. But again, the HIC values are below 1000. In impacts into the A-pillar, the HIC was 4816 for a headform without a child helmet and was reduced by 18-38% for a headform with a child helmet depending on the type of Japanese child helmet used. The tests demonstrated that Japanese child helmets are effective in reducing accelerations and HIC in a drop test using an adult headform onto a relatively rigid hard surface, i.e., simulating a road surface or concrete path. However, when the impact tests are into softer surfaces, the child helmet's capacity to decrease accelerations is accordingly reduced. Impacts into the windshield, while below the critical HIC value of 1000, indicated higher HIC values for a headform with a child helmet compared to an adult headform without a child helmet. The unpredictable nature of the results indicates further research work is required to assess how representative the stiffness of an adult headform is when compared to an actual head. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.