Viscosity is an important factor of resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants by pathogens present in mucus.
Viscosity is an important factor of resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants by pathogens present in mucus.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-017-13732-2
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发表时间：
2017-10-13
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Itoh Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirose R;Nakaya T;Naito Y;Daidoji T;Watanabe Y;Yasuda H;Konishi H;Itoh Y
酒精类消毒剂在预防医疗保健获得性感染（HAI）方面发挥着重要作用。我们研究了粘液中存在的病原体是否对酒精类消毒剂产生耐药性，并阐明了潜在的机制。从27例急性上呼吸道感染患者的人工粘液或痰液样本中测定了甲型流感病毒和大肠杆菌对酒精消毒剂或紫外线照射的抗性以及乙醇的扩散速率。粘液（人工粘液或痰样本）中的病原体不能被醇基消毒剂完全灭活（存活率>10%），表明醇基消毒剂无效。病原体存活率与粘液粘度呈强相关（相关系数>0.7，P < 0.001）。此外，乙醇扩散速率随着粘液粘度的增加而降低，这有助于乙醇抗性。链霉蛋白酶处理的痰标本显着降低痰粘度和提高消毒效果（P < 0.001）。与此相反，完全灭活实现了独立的粘液粘度的紫外线照射。因此，粘液粘度通过降低酒精扩散速率而有助于病原体对基于酒精的消毒剂的抗性。这些发现可以为开发新的策略提供基础，包括改进消毒剂，以克服HAI。
Alcohol-based disinfectants play an important role in the prevention of healthcare-acquired infection (HAI). We investigated whether pathogens present in mucus acquire resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants, and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Both the resistance of influenza A virus and Escherichia coli to alcohol-based disinfectants or ultraviolet irradiation and the diffusion rate of ethanol were determined in artificial mucus or sputum samples obtained from 27 individuals with acute upper respiratory infection. Pathogens in mucus (artificial mucus or sputum samples) were not completely inactivated by alcohol-based disinfectants (survival rate >10%), suggesting that the alcohol-based disinfectants were ineffective. Pathogen survival and mucus viscosity were strongly correlated (correlation coefficient >0.7, P < 0.001). Additionally, the ethanol diffusion rate decreased with increasing mucus viscosity, which contributed to ethanol resistance. Pronase treatment of sputum samples significantly decreased sputum viscosity and increased the disinfectant effect (P < 0.001 for all). In contrast, complete inactivation was achieved by ultraviolet irradiation independently of mucus viscosity. Thus, mucus viscosity contributes to resistance of pathogens to alcohol-based disinfectants by decreasing the alcohol diffusion rate. These findings can provide a basis for developing new strategies, including improved disinfectants, for overcoming HAI.