Linking exposure assessment science with policy objectives for environmental justice and breast cancer advocacy: the northern California household exposure study.
Linking exposure assessment science with policy objectives for environmental justice and breast cancer advocacy: the northern California household exposure study.
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2008.149088
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Rudel, Ruthann A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brody, Julia Green;Morello-Frosch, Rachel;Rudel, Ruthann A
目的：我们在一项针对乳腺癌和环境正义相关污染物的暴露研究中，比较了一个城市围栏社区（靠近炼油厂）和一个非工业社区。方法：我们分析了来自加州里士满工业地区的40个家庭的室内和室外空气，以及加州波利纳斯农村地区的10个家庭的153种化合物，包括颗粒和内分泌干扰物。结果：里士满市室外共检出80种化合物，波利纳斯市共检出60种；里士满的浓度普遍较高。里士满的钒和镍水平表明了炼油和航运过程中重油燃烧的影响；这些水平是该州最高的。在里士满近一半的家庭中，PM（2.5）超过了加州的年度环境空气质量标准。与工业和交通相关的PM（2.5）、多环芳烃、单质碳、金属和硫酸盐的成对室外和室内测量呈显著相关（r = 0.54-0.92, P < 0.001）。结论：室内空气质量是围栏社区室外排放累积影响的重要指标。仅基于室外监测的政策就加剧了污染者所在社区对环境不公正的担忧。以社区为基础的参与性暴露研究可以促进科学，刺激社区居民和决策者采取行动并为其提供信息。
OBJECTIVES: We compared an urban fence-line community (neighboring an oil refinery) and a nonindustrial community in an exposure study focusing on pollutants of interest with respect to breast cancer and environmental justice.METHODS: We analyzed indoor and outdoor air from 40 homes in industrial Richmond, California, and 10 in rural Bolinas, California, for 153 compounds, including particulates and endocrine disruptors.RESULTS: Eighty compounds were detected outdoors in Richmond and 60 in Bolinas; Richmond concentrations were generally higher. Richmond's vanadium and nickel levels indicated effects of heavy oil combustion from oil refining and shipping; these levels were among the state's highest. In nearly half of Richmond homes, PM(2.5) exceeded California's annual ambient air quality standard. Paired outdoor-indoor measurements were significantly correlated for industry- and traffic-related PM(2.5), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, elemental carbon, metals, and sulfates (r = 0.54-0.92, P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: Indoor air quality is an important indicator of the cumulative impact of outdoor emissions in fence-line communities. Policies based on outdoor monitoring alone add to environmental injustice concerns in communities that host polluters. Community-based participatory exposure research can contribute to science and stimulate and inform action on the part of community residents and policymakers.