The Epidemiology and Costs of Unintentional and Violent Injuries
The Epidemiology and Costs of Unintentional and Violent Injuries
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意外和暴力伤害的流行病学和成本
DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-29457-5_1
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
P. Corso
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Sattin;P. Corso
伤害是美国儿童和年轻人的头号杀手（疾病控制和预防中心[CDC]，2005年）。每年发生超过2800万起严重到需要紧急医疗护理的伤害（CDC，2005）。数以百万计的其他人的生活因自己或他们所爱的人受伤而受到巨大影响。损伤导致病理状况和生理功能受损，可影响个体的任何部位、器官或系统，并可产生短期和长期影响（Sattin，1992）。由于损伤的潜在广泛性，结果取决于广泛的多学科护理。直到最近，伤害一直被描述为“被忽视的疾病”，因为它发生的数量如此之大，但已被默认为现代社会生活中的正常事件（创伤委员会和休克委员会，国家科学院医学科学部/国家研究理事会[创伤委员会]，1966年）。然而，1985年的报告《美国的伤害》指出，与用于其他疾病的方法类似的公共卫生方法可以显著减少伤害（创伤研究委员会、生命科学委员会、国家研究理事会和医学研究所[创伤研究委员会]，1985年）。伤害可以被视为医学生态学中的一个问题，也就是说，作为一个人（宿主），代理人和环境之间的关系（Haddon，1970; Haddon & Baker，1981; Sattin，1992）。损伤的潜在因素不是微生物或致癌物，而是能量，通常以机械力的形式存在（Haddon，1970）。所接收的能量的剂量;剂量的分布、持续时间和速度;以及个体对能量转移的反应可以阻止-
Injuries are the number one killer of children and young adults in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2005). More than 28 million injuries serious enough to require emergency medical care occur annually (CDC, 2005). The lives of millions of others have been dramatically affected by injuries to themselves or someone they love. Injury leads to pathological conditions and impaired physiological functioning that can affect any part, organ, or system of an individual and can have both short-term and long-term effects (Sattin, 1992). Due to the potential extensive nature of injuries, outcomes depend on a broad continuum of multidisciplinary care. Injury has been described, until recently, as the “neglected disease” because it occurs in such great numbers but has been tacitly accepted as a normal occurrence of living in a modern society (Committee on Trauma, and Committee on Shock, Division of Medical Sciences, National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council [Committee on Trauma], 1966). However, the 1985 report Injury in America noted that a public health approach similar to that used for other diseases could lead to signifi cant reduction in injuries (Committee on Trauma Research, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine [Committee on Trauma Research], 1985). Injuries can be viewed as a problem in medical ecology—that is, as a relationship between a person (the host), an agent, and the environment (Haddon, 1970; Haddon & Baker, 1981; Sattin, 1992). The underlying agent of injury is not a microbe or carcinogen but energy, most often in the form of mechanical force (Haddon, 1970). The dose of energy received; the dose’s distribution, duration, and rapidity; and the individual’s response to the transfer of the energy can deter-