TIME AND THE OBSERVER - THE WHERE AND WHEN OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE BRAIN
TIME AND THE OBSERVER - THE WHERE AND WHEN OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE BRAIN
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DOI：
10.1017/s0140525x00068229
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发表时间：
1992-06-01
影响因子：
29.3
通讯作者：
KINSBOURNE, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DENNETT, DC;KINSBOURNE, M
我们比较了两种意识模型处理主观时间的方式。 根据标准的“笛卡尔剧院”模型，大脑中有一个地方“所有东西都聚集在一起”，所有形式的区分都以某种方式登记并“呈现”给主观判断。 在这个剧场里，事件发生的时间决定了主观的顺序。 根据另一种“多草稿”模型，辨别在大脑中分布在空间和时间上。 这些事件确实具有时间属性，但这些属性并不决定主观顺序，因为没有单一的、确定的“意识流”，只有一个相互冲突、不断修正的内容的平行流。 四个令人困惑的现象，抵制解释的笛卡尔模型进行了分析：（1）涉及突然的颜色变化的逐渐明显的运动现象（Kolers & von Grunau 1976），（2）由两个或更多个间隔较宽的系列轻拍传递到皮肤产生的均匀间隔的一系列“跳跃”的错觉（Geldard & Sherrick的“皮肤兔子”[1972]，（3）时间上的向后参照，以及（4）意图意识的主观延迟（均由Libet 1985 a; 1987; 1989 a在本杂志中报道）。 那些一直使笛卡尔剧院如此吸引人的未经检验的假设被揭露和拆除。 多重草稿模型更好地解释了令人困惑的现象，避免了笛卡尔剧场的科学和形而上学的夸张：主观事件的时间顺序是大脑解释过程的产物，而不是构成这些过程的事件的直接反映。
We compare the way two models of consciousness treat subjective timing. According to the standard "Cartesian Theater" model, there is a place in the brain where "it all comes together," and the discriminations in all modalities are somehow put into registration and "presented" for subjective judgment. The timing of the events in this theater determines subjective order. According to the alternative "Multiple Drafts" model, discriminations are distributed in both space and time in the brain. These events do have temporal properties, but those properties do not determine subjective order because there is no single, definitive "stream of consciousness," only a parallel stream of conflicting and continuously revised contents. Four puzzling phenomena that resist explanation by the Cartesian model are analyzed: (1) a gradual apparent motion phenomenon involving abrupt color change (Kolers & von Grunau 1976), (2) an illusion of an evenly spaced series of "hops" produced by two or more widely spaced series of taps delivered to the skin (Geldard & Sherrick's "cutaneous rabbit" [1972], (3) backwards referral in time, and (4) subjective delay of consciousness of intention (both reported in this journal by Libet 1985a; 1987; 1989a). The unexamined assumptions that have always made the Cartesian Theater so attractive are exposed and dismantled. The Multiple Drafts model provides a better account of the puzzling phenomena, avoiding the scientific and metaphysical extravagances of the Cartesian Theater: The temporal order of subjective events is a product of the brain's interpretational processes, not a direct reflection of events making up those processes.