Concentration of radioactive materials in small mammals collected from a restricted area in Fukushima, Japan since 2012
Concentration of radioactive materials in small mammals collected from a restricted area in Fukushima, Japan since 2012
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2012年以来从日本福岛禁区收集的小型哺乳动物体内放射性物质的浓度
DOI：
10.1111/1440-1703.1016
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Onuma M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ishiniwa H;Okano T;Yoshioka A;Tamaoki M;Yokohata Y;Shindo J;Azuma N;Nakajima N;Onuma M
福岛第一核电站遭受了巨大的地震和海啸的袭击，最终由于2011年3月的蒸汽爆炸而释放出大量放射性物质。这一事故影响了广泛的地区，并导致土壤污染，这种污染将持续很长一段时间。污染物包括各种类型的核材料，其中铯（134，137 Cs）具有特别长的半衰期。生活在受污染地区的生物体除了因通过食物网摄入这些污染物而受到内照射外，还可能受到环境中这些放射性污染物造成的辐射照射。我们收集数据的目的是长期监测放射性物质在小型哺乳动物体内的积累情况，并预测其影响。重点关注小型哺乳动物的理由包括：一）哺乳动物对辐射最敏感，二）与大型哺乳动物相比，小型哺乳动物的活动范围较小;因此，放射性物质在小型哺乳动物体内的积累被认为反映了周围环境的状况，以及iii）在小型哺乳动物中，啮齿动物被用作实验室动物并提供了大量信息，我们可以期望从中获得许多基于调查的知识。该数据集包含在受福岛第一核电站事故放射性污染物污染的地区收集的小型陆地哺乳动物中134，137 Cs和钾（40 K）浓度的测量值。我们在该地区建立了两个固定研究地点和三个临时地点，由于辐射水平高，人们从该地区撤离。2012年开始在固定的研究地点对小型哺乳动物的铯污染进行年度监测。截至2016年，共采集到4种（美姬鼠Apodemus speciosus，A. argenteus、Microtus montebelli和Urotrichus talpoides）。在去除内脏和头部后，使用高纯度锗探测器测量每个个体的铯浓度。我们的数据提供了宝贵的信息，在小哺乳动物的134 Cs和137 Cs浓度的时间变化后，福岛第一核电站事故。这项研究仍在继续，目前的数据集将在今后更新。
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant was struck by a huge earthquake and tsunami, which ultimately released a large amount of radioactive material owing to steam explosion in March 2011. This accident affected extensive area and resulted in soil contamination, which would prevail over a long period. The contaminants included various types of nuclear materials, among which cesium (134,137 Cs) has a particularly long half-life. Organisms living in the contaminated area are presumably exposed to radiation caused by the presence of these radioactive contaminants in their environment, in addition to internal exposure owing to the intake of these contaminants through the food web. The purpose of our data collection is to monitor accumulation of radioactive materials in small mammals for a long period and to predict its effects. Reasons for focusing on small mammals include: i) mammals are the most sensitive to radiation, ii) small mammals have a smaller home range compared to large mammals; therefore, accumulation of radioactive materials in small mammals is considered to reflect the condition of the surrounding environment, and iii) among the small mammals, rodents are used as laboratory animals and provide a lot of information, from which we can expect to acquire much knowledge based on investigations. The dataset contains measurements of 134,137 Cs and potassium (40 K) concentrations in small terrestrial mammals collected in areas contaminated with radioactive contaminants from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. We established two fixed study sites and three temporary sites inside the zone from which humans were evacuated owing to high levels of radiation. Annual monitoring of Cs contamination in small mammals was started in 2012 at the fixed study sites. Until 2016, we collected 547 individuals of four species (Apodemus speciosus, A. argenteus, Microtus montebelli, and Urotrichus talpoides). Cs concentrations in each individual were measured using high-purity germanium detectors against a ground body after removing the internal organs and the head. Our data provide valuable information about temporal changes in 134 Cs and 137 Cs concentrations in small mammals following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The study is continuing and the present dataset will be updated in the future.