Negative correlation between ant and spider abundance in the top canopy layer of a Bornean tropical rainforest.
Negative correlation between ant and spider abundance in the top canopy layer of a Bornean tropical rainforest.
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婆罗洲热带雨林树冠顶层的蚂蚁和蜘蛛丰度之间存在负相关。
DOI：
10.1111/btp.12208
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Takao Itioka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Motoki Katayama;Keiko Kishimoto‐Yamada;Hiroshi O. Tanaka;Tomoji Endo;Yoshiaki Hashimoto;Seiki Yamane;Takao Itioka
在热带雨林中，高大的树冠上有各种各样和丰富的蚂蚁和蜘蛛种群。然而，进入高大的树木和它们的动物仍然很困难；因此，蚂蚁和蜘蛛如何在树冠上互动仍然不清楚。为了更好地了解这两个优势节肢动物类群之间的种间相互作用，我们调查了它们在婆罗洲热带雨林树冠表面的空间分布。在2009年至2011年期间，我们用昆虫网在190棵新生或高大(≥20米高)树的树冠表面进行了6次蚂蚁和蜘蛛采样。我们从976个样本中收集了94种438只蚂蚁个体和142个形态种(仅成虫)的1850只蜘蛛个体(幼虫1630只和成虫220只)。我们收集的蜘蛛个体是蚂蚁个体的四倍，这一事实表明，在树冠表面觅食的蚂蚁比之前想象的要少。蜘蛛个体数与蚂蚁个体数和蚂蚁种类数呈负相关，表明蚂蚁和蜘蛛在树冠表面的空间分布具有显著的排他性。两个分类群之间的生态位重叠证实了这一观察结果。虽然我们的数据没有解决这些空间分布的原因，但干扰行为和行会内捕食等种间拮抗相互作用是导致排他性空间分布的生态机制。
In tropical rain forests, high canopy trees have diverse and abundant populations of ants and spiders. However, accessing high trees and their fauna remains difficult; thus, how ants and spiders interact in the canopy remains unclear. To better understand the interspecific interactions between these two dominant arthropod groups, we investigated their spatial distributions at the canopy surface in a tropical rain forest in Borneo. We sampled ants and spiders six times between 2009 and 2011 by sweeping with an insect net at the tree crown surfaces of 190 emergent or tall (≥20 m in height) trees. We collected 438 ant individuals belonging to 94 species and 1850 spider individuals (1630 juveniles and 220 adults) belonging to 142 morphospecies (adults only) from a total of 976 samples. The fact that we collected four times more spider individuals than ant individuals suggests that fewer ants forage at the tree crown surface than previously thought. The number of spider individuals negatively correlated with the number of ant individuals and the number of ant species, indicating significant exclusivity between ant and spider spatial distributions at the tree crown surface. Niche‐overlap between the two taxa confirmed this observation. Although our data do not address the causes of these spatial distributions, antagonistic interspecific interactions such as interference behaviors and intra‐guild predation are ecological mechanisms that give rise to exclusive spatial distributions.