Lead-contaminated drinking waters in the public schools of Philadelphia
Lead-contaminated drinking waters in the public schools of Philadelphia
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DOI：
10.1081/clt-120037429
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bryant, SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bryant, SD
铅暴露是一个可预防的环境健康问题。1至6岁的幼儿最容易受到其临床效果的影响。本文报告了费城公立学校建筑物饮用水中铅含量的测定结果，以及旨在解决这一公共卫生问题的补救措施。方法：从2000年5月至2001年1月，从费城292栋校舍的饮用水中采集水样。这些样本被收集并送往参考实验室进行铅水平的测定。结果：共有42.5%(124)的学校水铅水平不超过20 ppb的作用水平，其中3.1%的学校水铅水平低于或未检测到5 ppb。共有28.7%的建筑物的水铅水平在20-50 ppb之间，11.6%的建筑物的水铅水平在50-100 ppb之间，17.1%的建筑物的水铅水平在100 ppb或更高。结论：费城共有57.4%的公立学校建筑的水铅含量超过环境保护局(EPA)的行动标准20 ppb，28.7%的学校建筑的平均水铅含量超过50 ppb。根据用水量的不同，学校建筑的饮用水可能是儿童在发育形成阶段暴露于铅的一个重要来源。尽管对费城的公立学校建筑进行了评估，但学校中受铅污染的饮用水不仅仅是城市关注的问题。郊区和农村地区的学校建筑可能有相似的水铅水平，测试计划是可取的。
Lead exposure is a preventable environmental health concern. Young children between the ages of 1 to 6 are most susceptible to its clinical effects. This article reports the results of lead level determinations in the drinking water of Philadelphia's public school buildings and remediation efforts aimed at dealing with this public health concern. Methods: Water samples were collected from drinking sources in 292 school buildings in Philadelphia from May 2000 through January 2001. These samples were collected and sent to reference laboratories for determination of lead levels. Results: A total of 42.5% (124) of schools had water lead levels not exceeding the action level of 20 ppb, of which 3.1% had nondetectable levels or levels less than 5 ppb. A total of 28.7% of buildings had water lead levels ranging from 20 to 50 ppb, 11.6% had levels between 50-100 ppb, and 17.1% had water lead levels of 100 ppb or more. Conclusion: A total of 57.4% of Philadelphia's public school buildings had water lead levels exceeding the Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA) action level of 20 ppb, and 28.7% of school buildings had water with mean lead levels in excess of 50 ppb. Depending on the volume of water consumed, drinking water from school buildings may be a significant source of lead exposure for children in their formative years of development. Although Philadelphia's public school buildings were evaluated, lead-contaminated drinking water in schools is not only an urban concern. School buildings in suburban and rural areas may have similar water lead levels, and testing programs are desirable.