Simulation modeling and statistical classification of escarpment planforms
Simulation modeling and statistical classification of escarpment planforms
复制标题
悬崖平面模拟建模与统计分类
DOI：
10.1016/0169-555x(95)00004-o
复制
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Howard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Howard
接近水平的沉积序列通常被侵蚀成由抵抗岩层覆盖的悬崖。这些崖壁平面地记录了侵蚀过程的空间变化。建立了坡面退化、河流侵蚀和地下水侵蚀三个单独或共同作用的坡面发育模拟模型。陡坡后倾产生的台地，其特点是宽而浅的复入口和尖尖的海岬。河流侵蚀形成了树突状、末端锋利的峡谷，由于叠加的逆蚀作用，这些峡谷在下游逐渐变宽。地下水的侵蚀产生了宽度几乎恒定的弱分支峡谷，其顶壁一般为圆形。在自然和模拟陡坡、熔岩流、冰川侵蚀的山锋和侵蚀的板状火成岩侵入体上测量了许多形态测量变量。判别分析能够将这些平台中的478个分类为9类，准确率为87%。
Nearly horizontal sedimentary sequences are typically eroded into escarpments capped by resistant rock layers. These escarpments record in planform the spatial variation in erosional processes. Simulation models have been constructed of scarp development by three processes, scarp backwasting, fluvial erosion, and groundwater sapping, acting singly or in combination. Scarp backwasting produces planforms characterized by broad, shallow reentrants and sharply pointed headlands. Fluvial erosion creates dendritic, sharply terminated canyons which gradually widen downstream because of superimposed backwasting. Groundwater sapping produces weakly branched canyons of nearly constant width with generally rounded headwalls. A number of morphometric variables are measured on natural and simulated scarps as well as lava flows, glacially eroded mountain fronts, and eroded tabular igneous intrusions. A discriminant analysis is able to classify 478 of these planforms into 9 categories with 87% accuracy.