An Agent Based Model of Household Water Use
An Agent Based Model of Household Water Use
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DOI：
10.3390/w5031082
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Schuetze, Thorsten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Linkola, Lilli;Andrews, Clinton J.;Schuetze, Thorsten
家庭消费占饮用水总产量的很大一部分。提高用水效率的战略倾向于强调减少或改变用水需求的技术干预措施。行为用水减少战略也可以发挥重要作用，但还没有一个灵活的框架来探索“假设”。本文介绍了这样一个框架，提出了一个基于主体的家庭用水行为模型。该模型模拟了家庭成员在丰富的技术和行为背景下每小时的用水活动，并用适当的数据进行了校准。说明性实验比较了美国和荷兰家庭及其相关用水技术、不同家庭类型(单身、有孩子的家庭和退休夫妇)、不同的水表制度和教育活动的结果用水量。在其他条件相同的情况下，荷兰家庭和水表家庭的用水量更少。退休家庭用水更多，因为他们更经常呆在家里。节水教育运动对愿意接受的那部分人来说是有效的。这些因素之间的重要相互作用，无论是技术上的还是行为上的，都突出了这一框架对人-技术-水系统综合分析的价值。
Households consume a significant fraction of total potable water production. Strategies to improve the efficiency of water use tend to emphasize technological interventions to reduce or shift water demand. Behavioral water use reduction strategies can also play an important role, but a flexible framework for exploring the "what-ifs" has not been available. This paper introduces such a framework, presenting an agent-based model of household water-consuming behavior. The model simulates hourly water-using activities of household members within a rich technological and behavioral context, calibrated with appropriate data. Illustrative experiments compare the resulting water usage of U. S. and Dutch households and their associated water-using technologies, different household types (singles, families with children, and retired couples), different water metering regimes, and educational campaigns. All else equal, Dutch and metered households use less water. Retired households use more water because they are more often at home. Water-saving educational campaigns are effective for the part of the population that is receptive. Important interactions among these factors, both technological and behavioral, highlight the value of this framework for integrated analysis of the human-technologywater system.