Understanding the Diversity of Eight Birder Sub-populations: Socio-demographic Characteristics, Motivations, Expenditures and Net Benefits
Understanding the Diversity of Eight Birder Sub-populations: Socio-demographic Characteristics, Motivations, Expenditures and Net Benefits
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了解八个观鸟亚群的多样性：社会人口特征、动机、支出和净收益
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Ditton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Eubanks;J. Stoll;R. Ditton
观鸟活动不仅比狩猎和钓鱼等户外娱乐活动更受欢迎，而且越来越受欢迎。国家野生动物观察研究提供了有限的社会和经济的了解观鸟和por-托盘观鸟者和他们的参与方面的平均水平。有必要超越总体的理解，了解观鸟社会世界中的各种子群体。使用相同的调查问题和方法探讨了观鸟者之间的组内差异。我们测试了8个地理上分散的观鸟者亚群在人口特征、观鸟动机和行为、支出和支付观鸟体验的意愿方面的差异，以展示观鸟社会世界的广度和复杂性。虽然有几个显着的群体差异的人口统计学特征的观鸟者，有显着的群体差异，大多数行为，动机和经济措施。结果加强了这一点，概括的总体人口的观鸟者和他们的休闲活动不应该仅仅依赖于亚群研究的结果。最后，本文报告了各组的平均观鸟旅行支出（506美元）以及观鸟者每天获得的超过旅行成本的社会福利估计为50美元。
Participation in birding is not only more popular than outdoor recreation activities like hunting and fishing but it is growing in popularity. National studies of wildlife watching provide limited social and economic understandings of birding and por- tray birders and their participation in terms of averages. There is a need to move beyond aggregate understandings and understand various sub-groups within the birding social world. Within-group differences among birders were explored using the same survey questions and methodology. We tested for differences among eight geographically dispersed birder sub-populations in terms of their demographic characteristics, birding motivations and behaviour, expenditures and willingness-to-pay for their birding experiences to demonstrate the breadth and complexity of the social world of birding. While there were few significant group differences in terms of the demographic characteristics of birders, there were significant group differences identified for most behavioural, motivational, and economic measures. Results reinforce the point that generalisations about the overall population of birders and their leisure activity should not rely solely on results from sub-population studies. Finally, this paper reported an average birding trip expenditure across groups ($506) as well as an estimated $50 per day in social benefits received by birders above and beyond trip costs.