Autobiographical reflections on bridging the policy–academy divide
Autobiographical reflections on bridging the policy–academy divide
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关于弥合政策与学术界分歧的自传式反思
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Keohane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stephen D. Krasner;Joseph S. Nye, Jr.;Janice Gross Stein;R. Keohane
在这次圆桌会议上，一个由杰出学者组成的小组反思了学术界跨越政策-学术界鸿沟的可能性、危险和回报。克拉斯纳和奈都指出了政策和学术领域之间的文化差异。Krasner展示了政策制定者如何主要关注概念框架，而学者更关注测试命题。他描述了决策的垃圾桶模型如何准确地表明学术思想可能很重要，但如果它们真的重要，偶然和运气比质量更重要。奈指出，政策制定受到时间压力的严重影响。虽然他承认学术界在权力面前妥协真理的危险，但他指出，学者同样可能失去客观性。斯坦警告说，社会科学家能够制定“更好”政策的强大“进化本能”是一种“自负”，如果学者们认为他们反对的决定违反了他们的道德原则，并且在操作上代价高昂，他们最终必须准备离开。Keohane在小组讨论结束时赞扬了在政策方面有效工作的学者，但也指出了学者冒险进入这个非常不同的世界的一些风险。引用凯恩斯的话，他建议对政策制定感兴趣的学者“小心坏仙女”。最初的讨论发生在2008年在旧金山弗朗西斯科举行的国际研究协会年会上。以下是经过编辑的讨论记录，包括进一步的小组讨论后反思
In this roundtable, a panel of distinguished scholars reflects on the possibilities, dangers and rewards of academics transgressing the policy–academy divide. Both Krasner and Nye point to the differences in culture between policy and academic realms. Krasner shows how the policymakers are primarily concerned with conceptual framing while academics are more concerned with testing propositions. He describes how the garbage-can model of policymaking accurately suggests that academic ideas may matter, but if they do happenstance and luck are more important than quality. Nye points to how policymaking is heavily influenced by the pressures of time. While he acknowledges the danger of academics compromising truth in the face of power, he notes that scholars can equally lose their objectivity. Stein warns that the powerful ‘evolutionary instinct’ of social scientists being able to make ‘better’ policy is a ‘conceit’ and scholars must ultimately be prepared to leave if they believe that the decision they opposed violates their moral principles and are operationally costly. Keohane concludes the panel by praising scholars who work effectively in policy, but also pointing out some of the risks of scholars venturing into this very different world. Quoting Keynes, he advises academics interested in policymaking to ‘beware the bad fairy’. The original discussion took place at the International Studies Association Annual Conference held in San Francisco in 2008. Below are the edited transcripts of the discussion, including further post-panel reflections