Asynchronous flowering and within-plant flowering diversity in wheat and the implications for crop resilience to heat
Asynchronous flowering and within-plant flowering diversity in wheat and the implications for crop resilience to heat
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DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcr308
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Jones, Hannah E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lukac, Martin;Gooding, Michael J.;Jones, Hannah E.
小麦以自花授粉为主，由于开花不同步和雄性不育，异交程度较小。然而，小麦雄花和雌花开花的时间和同步性是决定结实率的关键因素，也可能是影响基因流动和对气候变化适应能力的重要因素。本文提出了一种评价小麦开花时间和同步性的方法。在环境条件下生长的盆栽植物中，从开花开始到开花结束，每朵小花的花药和柱头活动在前5个发育的穗上被评估，起源于oParagon‘或oSpark-Rialto’背景。在收获成熟时，记录每朵小花的种子存在、大小和重量。花内花粉开裂和柱头坍塌之间的同步性取决于它在穗和小花中的相对位置。根据每朵花内部的同步性确定，来自其他花的花粉的授粉水平达到了大约。30，在整个开花过程中不发生变化。由开花观测参数化的模拟练习表明，穗内和穗之间花药活动的时间和空间变异性可能会影响小麦对突如其来的极端气候事件的相对适应能力，这与预测的英国未来气候情景直接相关。
Self-pollination dominates in wheat, with a small level of out-crossing due to flowering asynchrony and male sterility. However, the timing and synchrony of male and female flowering in wheat is a crucial determinant of seed set and may be an important factor affecting gene flow and resilience to climate change. Here, a methodology is presented for assessing the timing and synchrony of flowering in wheat, Triticum aestivum.From the onset of flowering until the end of anthesis, the anther and stigma activity of each floret was assessed on the first five developing ears in potted plants grown under ambient conditions and originating from oParagon' or oSpark-Rialto' backgrounds. At harvest maturity, seed presence, size and weight was recorded for each floret scored.The synchrony between pollen dehiscence and stigma collapse within a flower was dependent on its relative position in a spike and within a floret. Determined on the basis of synchrony within each flower, the level of pollination by pollen originating from other flowers reached approx. 30 and did not change throughout the duration of flowering. A modelling exercise parameterized by flowering observations indicated that the temporal and spatial variability of anther activity within and between spikes may influence the relative resilience of wheat to sudden, extreme climatic events which has direct relevance to predicted future climate scenarios in the UK.