Metagenetic analysis of patterns of distribution and diversity of marine meiobenthic eukaryotes
Metagenetic analysis of patterns of distribution and diversity of marine meiobenthic eukaryotes
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DOI：
10.1111/geb.12223
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Creer, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fonseca, Vera G.;Carvalho, Gary R.;Creer, Simon
栖息在海洋底栖生物中的小型底栖动物群落为同时研究表现出不同生活史策略的众多门的宏观生态提供了独特的机会。在此，我们要问：（1）如果解释的macroecology的小型底栖动物群落主要是由分散的限制或环境条件;和（2）如果小型底栖动物的多样性水平超过现有的估计基于形态分类学。LocationUK和大陆欧洲coast.MethodsNext-generation测序技术（NGS;罗氏454 FLX平台）使用18S核小亚基核糖体DNA（rDNA）基因。Pyrosequencies进行了分析，使用AmpliconNoise，然后嵌合体去除使用Perseus.ResultsRarefaction曲线显示，采样饱和度仅达到15%的网站，突出显示，大部分的小型底栖动物的多样性尚未被发现。总的来说，回收了1353个OTU并将其分配到23个不同的门。大多数采样点有C。每个地点有60 - 70个独特的操作分类单位（OTU），表明β多样性水平很高。最能解释群落结构的环境参数是海水温度、地理距离和沉积物大小，但大部分的变异（R-2 = 70%-80%）仍然无法解释。主要结论高比例的地方性OTU表明，小型底栖生物群落组成部分是生态位驱动的，正如在大型生物中观察到的那样，而且通过显示出高度的世界性（尽管规模小得多）而具有微生物的宏观生态特征。小型底栖生物群落表现出隔离的距离，以及生态位，纬度和温度之间的关联，表明小型底栖生物群落的结果从组合的生态位组装和扩散过程。相反，隔离的距离模式没有确定的特色原生生物，这表明动物和原生生物坚持从根本上不同的宏观生态过程，与生活史策略。
AimMeiofaunal communities that inhabit the marine benthos offer unique opportunities to simultaneously study the macroecology of numerous phyla that exhibit different life-history strategies. Here, we ask: (1) if the macroecology of meiobenthic communities is explained mainly by dispersal constraints or by environmental conditions; and (2) if levels of meiofaunal diversity surpass existing estimates based on morphological taxonomy.LocationUK and mainland European coast.MethodsNext-generation sequencing techniques (NGS; Roche 454 FLX platform) using 18S nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene. Pyrosequences were analysed using AmpliconNoise followed by chimera removal using Perseus.ResultsRarefaction curves revealed that sampling saturation was only reached at 15% of sites, highlighting that the bulk of meiofaunal diversity is yet to be discovered. Overall, 1353 OTUs were recovered and assigned to 23 different phyla. The majority of sampled sites had c. 60-70 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) per site, indicating high levels of beta diversity. The environmental parameters that best explained community structure were seawater temperature, geographical distance and sediment size, but most of the variability (R-2=70%-80%) remains unexplained.Main conclusionsHigh percentages of endemic OTUs suggest that meiobenthic community composition is partly niche-driven, as observed in larger organisms, but also shares macroecological features of microorganisms by showing high levels of cosmopolitanism (albeit on a much smaller scale). Meiobenthic communities exhibited patterns of isolation by distance as well as associations between niche, latitude and temperature, indicating that meiobenthic communities result from a combination of niche assembly and dispersal processes. Conversely, isolation-by-distance patterns were not identified in the featured protists, suggesting that animals and protists adhere to radically different macroecological processes, linked to life-history strategies.