Lessons from global trends in climate change legislation and litigation
Lessons from global trends in climate change legislation and litigation
复制标题
气候变化立法和诉讼全球趋势的经验教训
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Setzer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Eskander;S. Fankhauser;J. Setzer
世界上没有一个国家没有至少一项应对气候变化的法律或政策。最多产的国家有超过20个，全球有1800个这样的法律。其中一些是政府发布的行政命令或政策，另一些是议会通过的立法法案。司法部门参与了1500起与气候变化有关的法庭案件（其中1100多起发生在美国）。我们使用可公开访问的数据库“世界气候变化法”（CCLW）来分析过去30年气候变化立法和诉讼的模式和趋势。数据显示，全球立法活动在2008年至2013年前后达到顶峰，远远早于《巴黎协定》。考虑到政府效率和法律生效时间的长短，英国和韩国是20国集团（G20）中最全面的立法机构，西班牙是经合组织（OECD）中的立法机构。气候变化立法并不像人们通常认为的那样是一个党派问题：左翼、中间派和右翼政府通过的气候法律数量大致与其执政时间成正比。我们还发现，在经济困难时期，立法活动减少。在法院介入的情况下，美国以外的法官在53%的案件中裁定支持加强气候保护（美国法官更有可能裁定反对气候保护）。
There is no country in the world that does not have at least one law or policy dealing with climate change. The most prolific countries have well over 20, and globally there are 1,800 such laws. Some of them are executive orders or policies issued by governments, others are legislative acts passed by parliament. The judiciary has been involved in 1,500 court cases that concern climate change (over 1,100 of which in the US). We use Climate Change Laws of the World (CCLW), a publicly accessible database, to analyze patterns and trends in climate change legislation and litigation over the past 30 years. The data reveal that global legislative activity peaked around 2008-13, well before the Paris Agreement. Accounting for government effectiveness and the length of time laws have been in effect, the UK and South Korea are the most comprehensive legislators among the G20 and Spain is within the OECD. Climate change legislation is less of a partisan issue than is commonly assumed: the number of climate laws passed by governments of the left, center and right is roughly proportional to their time in office. We also find that legislative activity decreases in times of economic difficulty. Where courts have got involved, judges outside the US have ruled in favor of enhanced climate protection in 53 percent of cases (US judges are more likely to rule against climate protection).