Advancing Our Understanding and Capacity to Engineer Nature's CO2-Sequestering Enzyme, Rubisco
Advancing Our Understanding and Capacity to Engineer Nature's CO2-Sequestering Enzyme, Rubisco
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.110.164814
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Alonso, Hernan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Whitney, Spencer M.;Houtz, Robert L.;Alonso, Hernan
制定新战略以解决全球粮食安全问题的动力越来越大。随着通过传统育种获得的作物生产力开始滞后，可耕地变得越来越少，我们似乎正在走向不可持续的全球人口。据预测，到2050年之前，全球粮食产量需要增长50%以上，才能满足不断增长的需求。使问题更加复杂的是气候变化的不确定性及其对农业的影响。提高作物产量潜力的战略已经开始研究增压光合作用的各个方面，以推动新的“绿色革命”。许多这些策略的核心是解决自然界的二氧化碳固定酶Rubisco的限制。Rubisco将CO2催化结合到核酮糖1，5-二磷酸（RuBP）中是植物产生碳水化合物的第一步，碳水化合物用于构建生物质并在生长和发育期间产生能量。尽管Rubisco在连接全球碳循环的无机（CO2）和有机（生物质）阶段中具有关键作用，但它是一种缓慢且混乱的催化剂，限制了许多植物的生产力和资源（例如水和营养物）利用效率（Long et al.，2006年）。可以理解的是，Rubisco已被深入研究，并且是基因工程以提高光合效率的主要靶标（Raines，2006; Parry et al.，2007年）。尽管制造“更好的Rubisco”的挑战已经超出了许多科学家的理解和职业生涯，但最近的进展表明它并非不可克服。在这里，我们研究的概念和技术突破，在过去的十年中，已经确定了新的和非常规的成员的Rubisco家族，揭示了分子方面的Rubisco生物合成的质体和蓝藻，推进我们的理解，其催化化学，并扩大了我们所面临的挑战，以提高Rubisco活性和植物生产力的认识。
There is a growing impetus in developing novel strategies to address global concerns regarding food security. As crop productivity gains through traditional breeding begin to lag and arable land becomes scarcer, it seems that we are heading for unsustainable global populations. It has been foreshadowed that global food production will need to rise more than 50% before 2050 to meet the ever-increasing demand. Compounding the problem are the uncertainties of climate change and its impact on agriculture. Strategies to improve crop yield potential have begun to examine aspects of supercharging photosynthesis to drive a new “green revolution.” Central to many of these strategies is addressing the limitation of nature’s CO2-fixing enzyme, Rubisco. The catalytic incorporation of CO2 into ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate (RuBP) by Rubisco is the first step in the production of carbohydrates by plants, which are used to build biomass and produce energy during growth and development. Despite the pivotal role of Rubisco in linking the inorganic (CO2) and the organic (biomass) phases of the global carbon cycle, it is a slow and confused catalyst, limiting productivity and resource (eg water and nutrients) use efficiency in many plants (Long et al., 2006). Understandably, Rubisco has been studied intensively and is a prime target for genetic engineering to improve photosynthetic efficiency (Raines, 2006; Parry et al., 2007). Although the challenge of making a “better Rubisco” has exceeded the grasp and career of many scientists, recent advances indicate that it is not insurmountable. Here, we examine conceptual and technological breakthroughs over the last decade that have identified new and unconventional members of the Rubisco family, revealed molecular aspects of Rubisco biogenesis in plastids and cyanobacteria, advanced our understanding of its catalytic chemistry, and widened our appreciation of the challenges we face to improve Rubisco activity and plant productivity.