Optical eigenmode description of single-photon light-matter interactions
Optical eigenmode description of single-photon light-matter interactions
复制标题
单光子光与物质相互作用的光学本征模描述
DOI：
10.1117/12.2508394
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ballantine K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ballantine K
当光从物体散射时，它可以传递一些物理量，如动量或角动量。这可以作为对光子的测量，光子坍缩到测量算符的本征态上。然而，相应的操作是不相同的，在自由空间中线或角动量的描述。光学本征模提供了一个强大的方法来描述这种相互作用，通过扩展的字段作为一个线性组合的一些基础模式和检查的特征值和特征向量的二次测量问题。我们将其扩展到量子的情况下，通过写对应于一个给定的测量，如能量，动量或角动量作为叠加的创建和湮灭运营商为每个本征模的量子运营商。通过测量，我们发现单个光子的可能状态只是测量的经典本征模。作为一个应用程序，我们研究了一般的，可能是各向异性的，材料上的力和扭矩。通过观察测量算符的本征值，我们证明了在与物质的相互作用中传递的给定量的量通常不是光子在自由空间中携带的预期量，即使在单光子水平上也是如此。特别地，前后的线动量或角动量之差一般不等于~k或~ k，它们是自由空间中这些量的本征值。
When light scatters from an object, it can impart some physical quantity such as momentum or angular momentum. This can act as a measurement on the photon, which collapses on to an eigenstate of the measurement operator. However the corresponding operator is not the same as that describing the total linear or angular momentum in free space. Optical eigenmodes provide a powerful method to describe this interaction by expanding the field as a linear combination of some basis modes and examining the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the quadratic measure in question. We extend this to the quantum case by writing the quantum operator corresponding to a given measurement such as energy, momentum or angular momentum as a superposition of creation and annihilation operators for each eigenmode. Upon measurement we find that the possible states of a single photon are simply the classical eigenmodes of the measurement. As an application, we examine the force and torque on a general, possibly anisotropic, material. By looking at eigenvalues of the measurement operator we show that the amount of a given quantity transferred in an interaction with matter is not in general the expected amount which a photon carries in free space, even at the single photon level. In particular the difference in linear or angular momentum from before and after is in general not equal to ~k or ~ which are the eigenvalues of these quantities in free space.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Mazilu, M.;Baumgartl, J.;Dholakia, K.
通讯作者：
Dholakia, K.