High species richness in deep-sea chemoautotrophic whale skeleton communities
High species richness in deep-sea chemoautotrophic whale skeleton communities
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DOI：
10.3354/meps260109
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Smith, CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baco, AR;Smith, CR
虽然深海软沉积物中的生物多样性似乎很高，但人们对深海坚硬底质上的多样性水平知之甚少。为了确定潜在丰富的鲸鱼骨架栖息地对深海生物多样性的贡献，我们比较了3具富含硫化物的鲸鱼骨架上当地大型动物物种的丰富度和组成，以及来自喷口、渗漏和其他深海硬底质的组合。根据稀疏度曲线，鲸鱼骨骼多样性高于其他深海硬底质栖息地的多样性。当地物种平均丰富度(185种)在单一的化学自养鲸鱼骨骼接近全球冷渗型大型动物物种丰富度的已知水平(229种)，并超过已知的最特殊喷口领域的丰富度(121种)。鲸鱼骨骼上的物种丰富度也大大高于其他深海非还原坚硬底物，如锰结核和岩石。丰度水平接近深海软质沉积物的丰度水平，并超过一些浅水硬质底质。这种高物种丰富度可以用鲸骨上异常高的营养多样性来解释，这是由于存在亲硫菌、普遍的有机富集型答复者、鲸骨消费者以及背景硬底物动物，如悬浮物和沉积物摄食者。鲸鱼骨骼和深海海绵茎上的高物种丰富程度表明，深海坚硬的底物可能蕴藏着比之前认识到的更高水平的多样性。
While biodiversity in deep-sea soft sediments appears to be high, little is known about diversity levels on deep-sea hard substrates. To determine the contribution of potentially abundant whale-skeleton habitats to deep-sea biodiversity, we compare the local macrofaunal species richness and composition on 3 sulfide-rich whale skeletons to assemblages from vents, seeps, and other deep-sea hard substrates. Based on rarefaction curves, whale skeleton diversity is higher than diversity in any other deep-sea hard substrate habitat. The average local species richness (185 spp.) on single chemoautotrophic whale skeletons approaches known levels of global cold-seep macrofaunal species richness (229 spp.), and exceeds the richness of the most speciose vent field known (121 spp.). Species richness on the whale skeletons is also substantially higher than on other deep-sea nonreducing hard substrates, such as manganese nodules and rocks. Richness levels approach those in deep-sea soft sediments and exceed some shallow-water hard substrates. This high species richness may be explained by unusually high trophic diversity on whale bones due to the presence of sulphophiles, generalized organic-enrichment respondents, whale-bone consumers, and background hard-substrate fauna such as suspension and deposit feeders. High species richness levels on whale skeletons and deep-sea sponge stalks suggest deep-sea hard substrates may harbor higher levels of diversity than previously recognized.