Unknown actor in adipose tissue metabolism hiding in plain sight.
Unknown actor in adipose tissue metabolism hiding in plain sight.
复制标题
隐藏在众目睽睽之下的脂肪组织代谢中的未知演员。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1911468116
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Collins,Sheila
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collins,Sheila
More than 2 decades ago, a connection between inflammation and insulin resistance began to emerge with evidence connecting tumor necrosis factor α to insulin resistance (2). In 2003 Ferrante and coworkers (3) made note of the phenomenon of so-called crownlike structures containing macrophages surrounding adipocytes in obese adipose tissue. These early observations were followed up by others [a few here cited, not to exclude the many others (4–6)], and since then there has been an enormous effort to understand this connection between obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation (see refs. 7 and 8). In the simplest view, usually we think about adipose inflammation in terms of proinflammatory M1-polarized macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine production that elicits further inflammation. However, even here it is debated: Is the macrophage there to “clean up a mess and then depart” as a normal function of a macrophage by definition?—but then again with unmitigated adipocyte hypertrophy it becomes an “enemy” that consequently wreaks havoc in the tissue as an interminable aggravating factor. There is now, however, also evidence of “goodguy” antiinflammatory M2-polarized macrophages in adipose tissue, and questions in the field now ask what the signals are that modulate the recruitment and localization of these 2 different macrophage populations, and what functions they are performing there (9, 10). Viperin is best known as a protein that is made in response to viral infection (see ref. 1 and references therein). However, Eom et al.(1) show that viperin is expressed in adipose tissue of pathogen-free and germ-free mice, and that it is expressed in the adipocyte itself, not in preadipocytes or immune cells within the stromal vascular fraction of isolated adipose tissue. These are important findings because they show that the protein is not just expressed in response to an infection/inflammatory challenge but is regulated by other signals and pathways that still need to be understood.
