Avoidance responses of an aphidophagous ladybird, Adalia bipunctata, to aphid-tending ants
Avoidance responses of an aphidophagous ladybird, Adalia bipunctata, to aphid-tending ants
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2311.2008.01009.x
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Leather, Simon R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oliver, Thomas H.;Jones, Ian;Leather, Simon R.
1.昆虫捕食者经常聚集在猎物密度高的斑块上，并利用猎物化学物质作为产卵的线索。然而，如果猎物有蚂蚁等互惠保护者，那么这些补丁可能不太适合捕食者。蚂蚁经常照料蚜虫，保护它们免受瓢虫等掠食者的攻击。在这里，我们表明，蚂蚁可以通过破坏卵和物理攻击幼虫和成虫来降低瓢虫的性能。除非瓢虫能够抵御蚂蚁的攻击，否则它们很可能会适应蚂蚁的攻击。我们发现，Adalia bipunctata瓢虫不仅远离补丁与Lasius尼日尔蚂蚁，但也避免产卵在这些补丁。此外，瓢虫不仅对蚂蚁的存在有反应，还能检测蚂蚁的信息化学物质，并相应地改变产卵策略.蚂蚁化学信息素可能是蚂蚁领土范围的信号，允许蚜虫捕食者有效地浏览马赛克景观的次优补丁，寻找防御较弱的猎物。这种回避可能对蚂蚁和瓢虫都有好处，而这些化学信息素可以被视为敌人之间合作交流的一种手段。总体而言，瓢虫响应范围广泛的积极和消极的产卵线索，可能会权衡彼此和内部动机，以确定整体产卵策略。
1. Insect predators often aggregrate to patches of high prey density and use prey chemicals as cues for oviposition. If prey have mutualistic guardians such as ants, however, then these patches may be less suitable for predators.2. Ants often tend aphids and defend them against predators such as ladybirds. Here, we show that ants can reduce ladybird performance by destroying eggs and physically attacking larvae and adults.3. Unless ladybirds are able to defend against ant attacks they are likely to have adaptations to avoid ants. We show that Adalia bipunctata ladybirds not only move away from patches with Lasius niger ants, but also avoid laying eggs in these patches. Furthermore, ladybirds not only respond to ant presence, but also detect ant semiochemicals and alter oviposition strategy accordingly.4. Ant semiochemicals may signal the extent of ant territories allowing aphid predators to effectively navigate a mosaic landscape of sub-optimal patches in search of less well-defended prey. Such avoidance probably benefits both ants and ladybirds, and the semiochemicals could be regarded as a means of cooperative communication between enemies.5. Overall, ladybirds respond to a wide range of positive and negative oviposition cues that may trade-off with each other and internal motivation to determine the overall oviposition strategy.