Ecological Adaptability of Some Cultivars and Breeding Samples of Origanum vulgare L.
Ecological Adaptability of Some Cultivars and Breeding Samples of Origanum vulgare L.
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牛至部分品种及选育样本的生态适应性。
DOI：
10.3390/agronomy12010016
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
O. Loretts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Myagkikh;S. Babanina;Alexander Mishnev;L. Radchenko;V. Pashtetskiy;N. Nevkrytaya;O. Loretts
由于普通牛至（Origanum vulgare L.）品种的登记不涉及区域化，因此对目标种植地区不同机构培育的品种进行全面研究是有价值且相关的。该研究的目的是评估使用最初为粮食作物开发的各种生态适应性指数的可能性，以将其用于牛至草最适应克里米亚半岛温带气候的基因型选择（育种样本和品种）。该研究于2016年至2019年在克里米亚山麓地区进行。研究材料包括FSBSI“克里米亚农业研究所”收藏的10号和82号育种样品，以及全俄罗斯药用和芳香植物科学研究所（ARSRIMAP）筛选的品种Zima、Raduga和Slavnitsa。基因型对鲜牛至原料产量的影响最大（43%），当年天气条件的影响为2%。相反，气象条件对精油积累和面积产量的影响更大，分别为30%和25%。从鲜产量生态变异系数来看，82号样品和斯拉夫尼察品种最好（11.47%~16.7%）。当地基因型 10 号和 82 号的精油含量和产量变化较小。产量方面，Raduga品种和地方基因型82号基因型效应值均大于0，而其他两个性状仅82号基因型基因型效应值大于0。根据新鲜产量的环境灵活性，Zima 和 Raduga 品种属于集约型品种（bi > 1），而本地基因型 No. 82 和 Slavnitsa 品种则根据精油含量和精油产量属于集约型品种。本地基因型10号和82号在精油含量稳态和精油产量方面均优于引种品种（Hom=1.91-2.18）。因此，事实证明，当地基因型更适合该地区精油积累的条件。然而，它们的鲜产量低于ARSRIMAP育种的注册品种。
Since the registry of common oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) cultivars does not involve regionalization, a comprehensive study of cultivars bred by different institutions in the intended cultivation region is valuable and relevant. The objective of the research was to assess the possibility of using various indices of ecological adaptability originally developed for grain crops for their use in the most adapted genotypes’ selection (breeding samples and cultivars) of Origanum vulgare L. to the temperate climate of the Crimean Peninsula. The research was carried out in the piedmont zone of Crimea from 2016 to 2019. The study material consisted of breeding samples No. 10 and No. 82 from the collection of FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, as well as cultivars Zima, Raduga, and Slavnitsa selected by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (ARSRIMAP). Genotype had the greatest influence on yield of fresh oregano material (43%) with the influence of the weather conditions of the year being 2%. On the contrary, meteorological conditions had a much greater effect on the essential oil accumulation and its areal yield, which were 30% and 25%, respectively. In terms of the coefficient of ecological variation of fresh yield, sample No. 82 and Slavnitsa cultivar were the best (11.47–16.7%). The local genotypes No. 10 and No. 82 varied less by the essential oil content and its yield. The genotype effect value was greater than 0 in the Raduga cultivar and local genotype No. 82 for the yield, but only in No. 82 genotype for the other two characteristics. Cultivars Zima and Raduga were classified as intensive (bi > 1) by the environmental flexibility of fresh yield, while local genotype No. 82 and Slavnitsa cultivar formed the group of intensive ones by essential oil content and essential oil yield. Local genotypes No. 10 and No. 82 were better than the introduced cultivars in terms of essential oil content homeostability and essential oil yield (Hom = 1.91–2.18). Thus, local genotypes proved to be more adapted to the region’s conditions in terms of essential oil accumulation. However, they were inferior to the registered cultivars of ARSRIMAP breeding in terms of fresh yield.