Trichoderma harzianum strain SQR-T37 and its bio-organic fertilizer could control Rhizoctonia solani damping-off disease in cucumber seedlings mainly by the mycoparasitism
Trichoderma harzianum strain SQR-T37 and its bio-organic fertilizer could control Rhizoctonia solani damping-off disease in cucumber seedlings mainly by the mycoparasitism
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00253-011-3259-6
复制
发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Yang, Xingming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Xinqi;Chen, Lihua;Yang, Xingming
枯萎病是由枯丝核菌引起的，在许多作物中造成严重损失。生物防治是一种有效、环保的防治湿化病的方法。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、水解酶测定等方法研究了哈兹木霉SQR-T37 （SQR-T37）对茄枯霉的拮抗作用。通过盆栽试验，评价了SQR-T37与生物有机肥的体内防病效果。结果表明，真菌寄生作用是SQR-T37拮抗活性的主要机制。在一个试验中，拮抗剂的存在使茄茄的种群数量从每克土壤10(6)个ITS拷贝减少到每克土壤10(4)个ITS拷贝。在本试验中，每克土壤中施用8 g SQR-T37菌丝时，防治效率可达45%。在第二个试验中，施用生物有机肥（SQR-T37发酵有机肥，BIO）的防治效率高达81.82%，而每克土壤仅施用4 g SQR-T37菌丝的防治效率仅为27.27%。培养20 d后，BIO处理的哈氏滴虫种群数量为4.12 × 10(7)个ITS拷贝/克土壤，远高于仅施用SQR-T37处理的8.77 × 10(5)个ITS拷贝/克土壤。结果表明，SQR-T37是一种有效的真菌拮抗剂，具有抑制病原菌数量的作用。应用BIO比单独应用SQR-T37更有效，因为它稳定了拮抗剂的种群。
Damping-off disease is caused by Rhizoctonia solani and leads to serious loss in many crops. Biological control is an efficient and environmentally friendly way to prevent damping-off disease. Optical micrographs, scanning electron micrographs, and the determination of hydrolytic enzymes were used to investigate the antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T37 (SQR-T37) against R. solani. Experiments were performed in pots to assess the in vivo disease-control efficiency of SQR-T37 and bio-organic fertilizer. The results indicate that the mycoparasitism was the main mechanism accounting for the antagonistic activity of SQR-T37. In one experiment, the population of R. solani was decreased from 10(6) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) copies per gram soil to 10(4) ITS copies per gram soil by the presence of the antagonist. In this experiment, 45% of the control efficiency was obtained when 8 g of SQR-T37 hyphae per gram soil was applied. In a second experiment, as much as 81.82% of the control efficiency was obtained when bio-organic fertilizer (SQR-T37 fermented organic fertilizer, BIO) was applied compared to only 27.27% of the control efficiency when only 4 g of SQR-T37 hyphae per gram soil was applied. Twenty days after incubation, the population of T. harzianum was 4.12 x 10(7) ITS copies per gram soil in the BIO treatment, which was much higher than that in the previous treatment (8.77 x 10(5) ITS copies per gram soil), where only SQR-T37 was applied. The results indicated that SQR-T37 was a potent antagonist against R. solani in a mycoparasitic way that decreased the population of the pathogen. Applying BIO was more efficient than SQR-T37 application alone because it stabilized the population of the antagonist.