Male-female differences in the earliest stages of drug involvement.
Male-female differences in the earliest stages of drug involvement.
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药物参与最早阶段的男女差异。
DOI：
10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.949141312.x
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anthony,JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
VanEtten,ML;Neumark,YD;Anthony,JC
本研究的目的是检验男性和女性吸毒率的差异是否可以追溯到初次尝试吸毒率的差异，而不是一旦出现机会就转换使用的概率的性别差异。设计横断面抽样调查研究，采用具有全国代表性的样本和回顾评估。背景为美国，1979-94年。受访者为131 226名12岁及以上的居民，通过9个时间点的多阶段概率抽样招募参加全国药物滥用家庭调查。测量估计有机会使用大麻、可卡因、迷幻剂和海洛因的男性和女性的比例；在有机会使用每种药物的人中报告的使用比例；从最初的机会到最初使用的“快速过渡”的比例。发现在每个调查年度，男性比女性更有可能有第一次使用药物的机会。然而，一旦有机会，男性和女性在转变为吸毒的概率上几乎没有观察到差异。结论先前记录的男性吸毒率过高可能是由于男性接触更多的尝试毒品的机会，而不是因为从最初的机会进展到实际使用的机会更大。这表明药物参与的性别差异在这一过程的早期就出现了。讨论了这些发现对药物使用的流行病学和预防的影响，以及未来关于药物涉及的性别差异的研究。
AimsTo examine whether male‐female differences in rates of drug use could be traced back to differences in rates of exposure to initial opportunities to try drugs, rather than to sex differences in the probability of making a transition to use, once opportunity has occurred.DesignCross‐sectional sample survey research with nationally representative samples and retrospective assessments.SettingUnited States, 1979‐94.ParticipantsRespondents were 131 226 residents aged 12 years and older, recruited for the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse by multi‐stage probability sampling at nine time points.MeasurementsEstimated proportion of males and females with an opportunity to use marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens and heroin; proportions reporting use among those having an opportunity to use each drug; proportion making a "rapid transition" from initial opportunity to initial use.FindingsFor each survey year, males were more likely than females to have an initial opportunity to use drugs. However, few male‐female differences were observed in the probability of making a transition into drug use, once an opportunity had occurred.ConclusionsPreviously documented male excess in rates of drug use may be due to greater male exposure to opportunities to try drugs, rather than to greater chance of progressing from initial opportunity to actual use. This suggestes that sex differences in drug involvement emerge early in the process. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the epidemiology and prevention of drug use, and future research on sex differences in drug involvement.