Dormant spores sense amino acids through the B subunits of their germination receptors.

Dormant spores sense amino acids through the B subunits of their germination receptors.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-021-27235-2
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发表时间:
2021-11-25
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Rudner DZ
Rudner DZ
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Artzi L;Alon A;Brock KP;Green AG;Tam A;Ramírez-Guadiana FH;Marks D;Kruse A;Rudner DZ

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芽胞杆菌目和梭状芽胞杆菌目的细菌分化为抗胁迫孢子,这些孢子可以休眠数年,但在养分感应下迅速发芽。孢子如何监测营养物质尚不清楚,但在大多数情况下需要假定的膜受体。来自枯草芽孢杆菌的原型受体由三种蛋白质(GerAA, GerAB, GerAC)组成,这些蛋白质是萌发对l -丙氨酸的反应所必需的。GerAB属于氨基酸-多胺-有机阳离子转运蛋白超家族。利用进化共变分析,我们提供了证据,证明GerAB采用类似于该超家族的l -丙氨酸转运蛋白的结构。我们发现gerAB的突变被预测会破坏配体结合口袋,从而损害萌发,而被预测在l -丙氨酸识别中起作用的突变使孢子能够对l -亮氨酸或l -丝氨酸做出反应。最后,在这些位置替换较大的残基会引起本构萌发。这些数据表明,GerAB是l -丙氨酸传感器,并且这个广泛保守的家族中的B亚基在营养检测中起作用。枯草芽孢杆菌孢子萌发响应l -丙氨酸需要一个假定的由三种蛋白质组成的膜受体。在这里,Artzi等人使用进化共变分析和突变体的功能分析来提供证据,证明其中一种蛋白质GerAB可能起l -丙氨酸传感器的作用。
Bacteria from the orders Bacillales and Clostridiales differentiate into stress-resistant spores that can remain dormant for years, yet rapidly germinate upon nutrient sensing. How spores monitor nutrients is poorly understood but in most cases requires putative membrane receptors. The prototypical receptor from Bacillus subtilis consists of three proteins (GerAA, GerAB, GerAC) required for germination in response to L-alanine. GerAB belongs to the Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation superfamily of transporters. Using evolutionary co-variation analysis, we provide evidence that GerAB adopts a structure similar to an L-alanine transporter from this superfamily. We show that mutations in gerAB predicted to disrupt the ligand-binding pocket impair germination, while mutations predicted to function in L-alanine recognition enable spores to respond to L-leucine or L-serine. Finally, substitutions of bulkier residues at these positions cause constitutive germination. These data suggest that GerAB is the L-alanine sensor and that B subunits in this broadly conserved family function in nutrient detection. Germination of Bacillus subtilis spores in response to L-alanine requires a putative membrane receptor consisting of three proteins. Here, Artzi et al. use evolutionary co-variation analysis and functional assays of mutants to provide evidence that one of the proteins, GerAB, likely acts as the L-alanine sensor.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21636-z
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