Nano-objects-sculpting and shape in molecular material design (The Pierre Gilles de Gennes ILCS prize lecture)
Nano-objects-sculpting and shape in molecular material design (The Pierre Gilles de Gennes ILCS prize lecture)
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DOI：
10.1080/02678292.2019.1643508
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发表时间：
2019-07-26
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Goodby, John W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goodby, John W.
早期的液晶化合物通常具有相对简单的分子结构，但随着电光器件的发明，材料的设计变得越来越重要。性质-结构的相关性已经促进了计算机辅助合理设计，以至于它正在成为选择制备化合物的必需品。对于简单的分子结构，在空间斥力面前允许的静电相互作用以唯象的方式被用来产生新的中间相，如六元相，并设计出具有理想物理性能的材料。材料化学家在创造更复杂的物质时，建立在这些研究形式的基础上。有趣的是，系统越大，它就变得越简单，因为分子的体积和形状开始主导表面的相互作用。在设计过程中创造出的形状独特的纳米物体，如“Janus”颗粒，可以激发新的中间相的形成，例如通过分子颗粒的拥挤而产生的扭曲-弯曲和张开相，以及最大限度地减少自由体积。这篇文章探索了分子颗粒形状和它们产生的中间相的发展。
Early liquid crystal compounds often had relatively simple molecular structures, but with the invention of electro-optical devices, the design of materials became increasingly important. Property-structure correlations have promoted computer-aided rational design to the point where it is becoming a necessity in the selection of compounds for preparation. For simple molecular architectures, allowable electrostatic interactions in the face of steric repulsion were used in a phenomenological way to generate new mesophases, such as the hexatic phase, and to engineer materials with desirable physical properties. Materials chemists, in the creation of substances of greater complexity, have built upon these forms of research. Interestingly, the larger the system often the more simply it becomes as the molecular bulk and shape begin to dominate over the surface interactions. Nano-objects of unique shapes, such as 'Janus' grains, created in the process of design can kindle the formation of new mesophases, such as the twist-bend and splay phases generated through the crowding of molecular particles, and minimisation of the free volume. This article explores the development of the shapes of molecular grains and the mesophases they spawn.[GRAPHICS].