Stratification of archaeal membrane lipids in the ocean and implications for adaptation and chemotaxonomy of planktonic archaea.
Stratification of archaeal membrane lipids in the ocean and implications for adaptation and chemotaxonomy of planktonic archaea.
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DOI：
10.1111/1462-2920.13289
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发表时间：
2016-12
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Chun Zhu;S. Wakeham;F. Elling;A. Basse;G. Mollenhauer;G. Versteegh;M. Könneke;K. Hinrichs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chun Zhu;S. Wakeham;F. Elling;A. Basse;G. Mollenhauer;G. Versteegh;M. Könneke;K. Hinrichs
海洋浮游古菌的膜脂为古菌生态学和古海洋学提供了独特的见解。然而，过去对悬浮颗粒物（SPM）和沉积物中古细菌脂质的研究主要集中在几十年前发现的一小类完全饱和的甘油二联植烷基甘油四醚（GDGT）同系物。 GDGT 明显的低结构多样性与浮游古菌代谢和分类的高度多样性形成鲜明对比。此外，深海古细菌脂质的适应仍然受到很少的限制。我们报告了来自不同海洋区域的 SPM 中的古菌脂质组。我们扩展了已知的浮游古菌脂质库存，包括许多不饱和古菌醚脂质（uns-AEL）。我们进一步揭示了（i）上层（≤ 100 m）和深层（> 100 m）古细菌群体之间膜脂的不同热调节和极性头基组成，（ii）不同氧化还原条件下不饱和GDGT的分层，以及（iii）分别在上层和深层含氧水中四不饱和古菌和完全饱和GDGT的富集。这种分层脂质模式与海洋环境中古菌系统型的典型分布一致。因此，我们为基于 GDGT 的古气候学提供了一个生态背景，并带来了 uns-AEL 作为浮游广古菌生物标志物的潜在用途。
Membrane lipids of marine planktonic archaea have provided unique insights into archaeal ecology and paleoceanography. However, past studies of archaeal lipids in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments mainly focused on a small class of fully saturated glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) homologues identified decades ago. The apparent low structural diversity of GDGTs is in strong contrast to the high diversity of metabolism and taxonomy among planktonic archaea. Furthermore, adaptation of archaeal lipids in the deep ocean remains poorly constrained. We report the archaeal lipidome in SPM from diverse oceanic regimes. We extend the known inventory of planktonic archaeal lipids to include numerous unsaturated archaeal ether lipids (uns-AELs). We further reveal (i) different thermal regulations and polar headgroup compositions of membrane lipids between the epipelagic (≤ 100 m) and deep (>100 m) populations of archaea, (ii) stratification of unsaturated GDGTs with varying redox conditions, and (iii) enrichment of tetra-unsaturated archaeol and fully saturated GDGTs in epipelagic and deep oxygenated waters, respectively. Such stratified lipid patterns are consistent with the typical distribution of archaeal phylotypes in marine environments. We, thus, provide an ecological context for GDGT-based paleoclimatology and bring about the potential use of uns-AELs as biomarkers for planktonic Euryarchaeota.