The effect of substrate compliance on the biomechanics of gibbon leaps
The effect of substrate compliance on the biomechanics of gibbon leaps
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.046797
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Vereecke, Evie E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Channon, Anthony J.;Gunther, Michael M.;Vereecke, Evie E.
运动动物肌肉骨骼系统中弹性应变能的存储和恢复已被广泛研究，然而外部环境代表着第二个潜在的有用能量存储，但往往被忽视。最近的研究强调了猩猩从摇摆的树木中有效地恢复能量的能力，从而将跨越缺口的成本降至最低。虽然已经对野生跳跃的灵长类动物提出了类似的机制假说，但到目前为止，还没有从生物力学的角度证明这种能量恢复机制在跳跃动物身上。我们使用了一个由一个测力板和两个高速摄像机组成的装置，对圈养长臂猿从僵硬和顺从的杆子上跳跃进行了生物力学分析。我们发现长臂猿通过使用不同的跳跃策略来最小化极点偏转。使用了两种跳跃类型：较慢的垂直跳跃和较快的向前跳跃。较慢的跳跃使用了更宽的髋关节偏移量来抵消杆子的向下移动，使用更多的冲量来推动跳跃，但没有增加重心所做的功。更大的臀部偏移量也可以最大限度地减少垂直跳跃的有效跳跃距离。越快的跳跃越早在站立时施加峰值力量，在杆子有效地更坚硬的地方，最大限度地减少偏转和势能损失。这两种类型的跳跃似乎都不能有效地从杆子上恢复能量来提高跳跃成绩，但长臂猿展示了一种能力，最好地调整他们的跳跃生物力学来对抗顺从的杆子的负面影响。
The storage and recovery of elastic strain energy in the musculoskeletal systems of locomoting animals has been extensively studied, yet the external environment represents a second potentially useful energy store that has often been neglected. Recent studies have highlighted the ability of orangutans to usefully recover energy from swaying trees to minimise the cost of gap crossing. Although mechanically similar mechanisms have been hypothesised for wild leaping primates, to date no such energy recovery mechanisms have been demonstrated biomechanically in leapers. We used a setup consisting of a forceplate and two high-speed video cameras to conduct a biomechanical analysis of captive gibbons leaping from stiff and compliant poles. We found that the gibbons minimised pole deflection by using different leaping strategies. Two leap types were used: slower orthograde leaps and more rapid pronograde leaps. The slower leaps used a wider hip joint excursion to negate the downward movement of the pole, using more impulse to power the leap, but with no increase in work done on the centre of mass. Greater hip excursion also minimised the effective leap distance during orthograde leaps. The more rapid leaps conversely applied peak force earlier in stance where the pole was effectively stiffer, minimising deflection and potential energy loss. Neither leap type appeared to usefully recover energy from the pole to increase leap performance, but the gibbons demonstrated an ability to best adapt their leap biomechanics to counter the negative effects of the compliant pole.