Evolution of synapses and neurotransmitter systems: The divide-and-conquer model for early neural cell-type evolution
Evolution of synapses and neurotransmitter systems: The divide-and-conquer model for early neural cell-type evolution
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DOI：
10.1016/j.conb.2021.11.002
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发表时间：
2021-12-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Jekely, Gaspar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burkhardt, Pawel;Jekely, Gaspar
神经系统在大约5.6亿年前进化，以协调和赋予动物身体力量。栉水母--最早的分支谱系之一--被认为与双侧性动物共享一些神经元基因，并且可能已经趋同地进化出神经元。在这里，我们回顾了我们目前的理解，在nonbilaterians神经分子的演变。我们还重新分析单细胞测序数据，根据新的cellcluster身份从栉水母和发现证据支持同源性的一个栉水母神经元类型的神经元在Bilateria。突触前蛋白Unc 13和RIM与电压门控通道，神经肽和同源异型盒基因的特异性共表达精确定位了栉水母口中的一个尖峰感觉肽能细胞。类似的Unc 13-RIM神经元可能已经出现在第一个真后生动物上升到优势只在干Bilateria。我们假设，Unc 13-RIM血统祖先支配的口，并征服了身体的其他部位的崛起，在寒武纪大爆发的巨噬细胞和捕食。
Nervous systems evolved around 560 million years ago to coordinate and empower animal bodies. Ctenophores - one of the earliest-branching lineages - are thought to share a few neuronal genes with bilaterians and may have evolved neurons convergently. Here we review our current understanding of the evolution of neuronal molecules in nonbilaterians. We also reanalyse single-cell sequencing data in light of new cellcluster identities from a ctenophore and uncover evidence supporting the homology of one ctenophore neuron-type with neurons in Bilateria. The specific coexpression of the presynaptic proteins Unc13 and RIM with voltage-gated channels, neuropeptides and homeobox genes pinpoint a spiking sensory-peptidergic cell in the ctenophore mouth. Similar Unc13-RIM neurons may have been present in the first eumetazoans to rise to dominance only in stem Bilateria. We hypothesise that the Unc13-RIM lineage ancestrally innervated the mouth and conquered other parts of the body with the rise of macrophagy and predation during the Cambrian explosion.