Decadal-scale morphological adjustment of a lowland tropical river

Decadal-scale morphological adjustment of a lowland tropical river
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低地热带河流的十年尺度形态调整

DOI:
10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.01.022
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Dingle E
Dingle E
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dingle E

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与温带地区相比,人们对热带河流系统的动力学知之甚少。热带河流的典型特征是降水量明显的季节性变化,大量的泥沙负荷和横向通道迁移率高,通常是非常低的梯度和人口稠密的洪泛区。了解对河道迁移或变化的控制是我们充分预测和建立抵御洪水风险和更广泛的河流相关灾害的能力不可或缺的。在这里,我们分析通道和汇合迁移在过去的~40年沿着一个~85公里的卡加延河及其支流之一,Pinacanauan德伊拉甘(菲律宾吕宋岛)在此期间捕获的光学卫星图像。结合这与空间变化的通道模式,山谷宽度和新的床料粒度数据,我们表明,泥沙输运和沉积是在该地区观察到的热带通道形态动力学的关键驱动因素。在集水区源头产生的高沉积物供应(特别是在台风中引发的山坡质量浪费)导致低坡度冲积平原上的高淤积率和河道加宽。我们认为,这种加积增强了局部汇流和横向通道迁移率,可以达到每十年>300米,热带河流的横向迁移率通常大于温带河流。河道形态动力学对如何最好地管理这些类型的热带河流系统具有影响,在这些系统中,硬岸防护结构可能导致复杂的地貌反应,洪水风险测绘可能需要包括对不同河道位置和地形的敏感性评估。
Compared with temperate regions, much less is known about the dynamics of tropical river systems. Tropical rivers are typically characterised by pronounced seasonal changes in precipitation, large sediment loads and high rates of lateral channel migration across often very low-gradient and densely populated floodplains. Understanding the controls on channel migration or change is integral to our ability to fully predict and build resilience against flood risk and wider river-related hazards. Here, we analyse channel and confluence migration over the last ~40 years along a ~85 km reach of the Cagayan River and one of its tributaries, the Pinacanauan de Ilagan (Luzon, Philippines) using optical satellite imagery captured during this period. Combining this with spatial variations in channel pattern, valley width and new bed material grain size data, we demonstrate that sediment transport and deposition are key drivers of the observed tropical channel morphodynamics in this region. The high sediment supply generated in the catchment headwaters (by mass-wasting of hillslopes triggered especially in typhoons) results in high aggradation rates and channel widening on the lower gradient alluvial plain. We suggest that this aggradation enhances local confluence and lateral channel migration rates, which can reach >300 m per decade, and that lateral migration rates of tropical rivers are typically greater than those of temperate rivers. Channel morphodynamics have implications for how to best manage these types of tropical river systems, where hard bank protection structures may result in a complex geomorphic response and flood risk mapping may need to include assessment of sensitivity to varying channel position and topography.
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