Can Seaweed Farming Play a Role in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation?
Can Seaweed Farming Play a Role in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation?
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2017.00100
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Krause-Jensen, Dorte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Duarte, Carlos M.;Wu, Jiaping;Krause-Jensen, Dorte
海藻水产养殖是全球粮食生产中增长最快的组成部分，为减缓和适应气候变化提供了一系列机会。海藻养殖场释放的碳可能埋在沉积物中或出口到深海，因此充当CO2汇。该作物也可全部或部分用于生物燃料生产，就避免的化石燃料排放而言，其潜在的CO2减缓能力约为1，500吨CO2 km（-2）年（-1）。海藻水产养殖还可以通过改善土壤质量来替代合成肥料，并在喂养牛时减少牛的甲烷排放，从而有助于减少农业排放。海藻水产养殖有助于适应气候变化，因为它能减少波浪能和保护海岸线，并能提高pH值和向沃茨提供氧气，从而在当地减少海洋酸化和脱氧的影响。然而，扩大海藻水产养殖的范围受到以下因素的限制：是否有合适的区域，以及与其他用途争夺合适的区域，工程系统是否能够应对近海恶劣条件，以及市场对海藻产品的需求日益增加等。尽管有这些限制，海藻养殖方法可以优化，以最大限度地提高气候效益，如果经济补偿，这可能会提高海藻农民的收入。
Seaweed aquaculture, the fastest-growing component of global food production, offers a slate of opportunities to mitigate, and adapt to climate change. Seaweed farms release carbon that maybe buried in sediments or exported to the deep sea, therefore acting as a CO2 sink. The crop can also be used, in total or in part, for biofuel production, with a potential CO2 mitigation capacity, in terms of avoided emissions from fossil fuels, of about 1,500 tons CO2 km(-2) year(-1). Seaweed aquaculture can also help reduce the emissions from agriculture, by improving soil quality substituting synthetic fertilizer and when included in cattle fed, lowering methane emissions from cattle. Seaweed aquaculture contributes to climate change adaptation by damping wave energy and protecting shorelines, and by elevating pH and supplying oxygen to the waters, thereby locally reducing the effects of ocean acidification and de-oxygenation. The scope to expand seaweed aquaculture is, however, limited by the availability of suitable areas and competition for suitable areas with other uses, engineering systems capable of coping with rough conditions offshore, and increasing market demand for seaweed products, among other factors. Despite these limitations, seaweed farming practices can be optimized to maximize climate benefits, which may, if economically compensated, improve the income of seaweed farmers.