Amphibian chytrid fungus in Africa - realigning hypotheses and the research paradigm
Amphibian chytrid fungus in Africa - realigning hypotheses and the research paradigm
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非洲的两栖壶菌——重新调整假设和研究范式
DOI：
10.1111/acv.12538
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Doherty-Bone T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doherty-Bone T
两栖壶菌Batrachochytrium endrobatidis(Bd)是导致大量两栖动物衰退和灭绝的罪魁祸首，此前被认为起源于非洲大陆。这是基于20世纪初南非、喀麦隆和乌干达的受感染博物馆标本。对其他大陆存档标本的进一步研究最终发现，20世纪初巴西和日本也有记录。最近对BD的基因组多样性和系统发育进行的强有力的分析表明，起源于亚洲的可能性更大。这提出了一个问题，即BD作为一种新的病原体对非洲两栖动物的威胁被低估了。现在有一些案例表明，非洲大陆不同山脉中两栖动物数量的急剧下降可以归因于Bd，这就需要紧急重新调整假说和研究议程，以保护非洲大陆的两栖动物。值得注意的是，两栖动物宿主幼稚的热点包括西非，在那里到目前为止还没有检测到这种病原体。我们讨论了两栖动物保护者可能关注的研究空白，特别是对BdCAPE(毒性较小)谱系的更多基因组测序，以确定其出现的日期，并评估不同两栖动物物种对感染、疾病和衰退的易感性，以更好地优先保护行动。
The amphibian chytrid fungusBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd), responsible for numerous amphibian declines and extinctions, was previously thought to originate from the African continent. This was based on infected museum specimens from early 20th century South Africa, Cameroon and Uganda. Further research on archived specimens from other continents eventually revealed early 20th century records also in Brazil and Japan. Recent robust analysis of genomic diversity and phylogeny ofBdhas shown origin from Asia to be more plausible. This raises the issue that the threat ofBdfor African amphibians as a novel pathogen has been underestimated. There are now cases where dramatic amphibian declines in disparate mountains on the continent could be attributed toBd, and this necessitates an urgent realigning of hypotheses and the research agenda for amphibian conservation on the continent. Notably, hotspots of amphibian host naivety include West Africa where this pathogen has so far not been detected. We discuss research gaps that amphibian conservationists might focus on, notably more genomic sequencing of theBdCAPE (the less virulent) lineage to determine its date of emergence, and assessing the susceptibility of different amphibian species to infection, disease and decline to better prioritize conservation actions.